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skull
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many bones make up the skull | 22 total. 8 cranial, 14 facial bones |
| what are the two subdivisions of the cranial bones | calvaria and floor |
| what bones make up the calvaria | Frontal Occipital Right parietal Left parietal |
| what bones make up the cranial floor | Ethmoid Sphenoid Right temporal Left tempora |
| suture located btwn occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidial |
| How many fontanels are present in infants? | A: Six (anterior, posterior, right & left sphenoid, right & left mastoid). |
| What does the anterior cranial fossa house? | A: Frontal lobes of the cerebrum. |
| What does the posterior cranial fossa house? | A: Cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. |
| Q: What is a mesocephalic skull? | A: Average skull type; petrous pyramids at 47° from MSP. |
| Q: What is a brachycephalic skull? | short and wide skull. petrous ridges are greater than 47 angle from MSP |
| A conical projection at the top of the cribriform plate of ethmoid | crista galli |
| what does the sella tursica house? | pituitary gland |
| Name the three foramina in the greater wings. | A: Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum. |
| Q: What is the external occipital protuberance also called? | A: Inion. |
| thickest part of the cranium | petrous ridges |
| Q: Which sinus is the largest? | A: Maxillary sinus. |
| which sinus is the second largest | frontal |
| what are the 4 sinuses | frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid |
| CR positioning for AP townes | 2" above glabella |
| CR positioning for lateral skull | 2" above EAM |
| horizontal portion of ethmoid | cribiform plate |
| what special about maxillary sinuses | they are above the bone |
| a vertical pt and a horizontal beam lets us see | air fluid levels |
| line from ear to middle of the eye | orbitomeatal line |
| line from ear to chin | mentomeatal line |
| cr angle for caldwell | 15 caudad |
| cr angle for AP townes | 30 if pt can tolerate |
| A PA skull would put the petrous ridges ____, while a Caldwell places them | inside orbits; lower 1/3 of orbits |
| tilting the patients head lower for PA skull/caldwell would | place the petrous ridges higher into the orbits |
| where do we want the petrous ridges for Caldwell | lower 1/3 of the orbits |
| For Townes, we want what in the foramen magnum? | the dorsum sellae |
| what scan is done when Townes cannot be performed due to trauma or kyphosis? | Haas (reverse townes) |
| degree of angle for Haas | 25 cephalad |
| what lines are used for SMV | IOML is parallel to IR |
| when do the ethmoid sinuses develop | later in life. 17-18 years of age |
| which sinuses show basilar skull fractures | sphenoid |
| A 30 degree Caldwell shows | inferior orbits. places petrous ridges below the orbits |
| skull sutures are | fibrous and synarthorsis |
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