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GKM 1 (Micro)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A culture medium in which the precise chemical composition is known is classified as: | Defined medium |
| Agar, the solidifying agent used in bacterial media, is extracted from which organism? | Rhodophyta (red algae) |
| BSL1 organisms differ from BSL2 organisms in that: | BSL1 organisms generally do not cause disease in healthy humans. |
| During a culture transfer, where should the cap of the test tube be kept? | Held in the same hand as the inoculating loop. |
| Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar differentiates bacteria based on their ability to: | Ferment lactose |
| Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar selects for the growth of: | Gram-negative bacteria |
| Ethylene oxide is a gas chemosterilizer primarily used for: | Sterilizing heat-sensitive objects like plastic Petri dishes |
| If you are using a plastic culture tube, how does the aseptic procedure differ from using a glass tube? | You should not pass the plastic tube through the flame. |
| Ionizing radiation (such as X-rays and gamma rays) sterilizes by: | Producing reactive ions that degrade biopolymers like DNA and proteins. |
| Items sterilized in a hot-air oven generally require which conditions? | 170°C for 2 hours |
| Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is selective because it selects for: | Salt-tolerant organisms |
| Microorganisms are described as "ubiquitous," which means: | They are present nearly everywhere in the environment. |
| Nutrient Agar (NA) and Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) are examples of which type of media? | Complex, general-purpose media |
| On Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) which has phenol red dye pH indicator, a color change of the agar from red to yellow indicates: | The organism ferments mannitol. |
| Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (PEA) agar is classified as: | Selective only |
| The currently accepted classification scheme for microorganisms is primarily based on the analysis of which of the following | 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences |
| True or False: A differential medium provides a visible indication of a physiological characteristic, such as carbohydrate fermentation. | True |
| True or False: According to the phylogenetic tree provided, viruses are considered one of the three main domains of life. | False |
| True or False: Agar is a useful solidifying agent because it is readily broken down and digested by most microbes as a nutrient source. | False |
| True or False: Dry heat primarily kills through oxidation, dehydration, and burning of cellular components, requiring higher temperature/longer times | True |
| True or False: Heat transfers less efficiently than moist heat | True |
| True or False: Inoculating loops should be sterilized by flaming both before and after the culture transfer. | True |
| True or False: Larger volumes of media take longer to reach sterilization temperature in an autoclave than smaller volumes. | True |
| True or False: Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (PEA) agar allows Gram-negative organisms to grow while inhibiting Gram-positives. | False |
| True or False: Proper aseptic technique is necessary only in a clinical setting, not in a student teaching laboratory. | False |
| True or False: UV radiation is an effective method for sterilizing media inside of sealed, opaque plastic flasks. | False |
| True or False: When using a membrane filter for sterilization, the bacteria are killed by the chemical composition of the filter paper. | False |
| Ultraviolet (UV) radiation kills microorganisms by: | Causing damage to DNA by distorting the structure, specifically forming adjacent thymine dimers. |
| What are the standard conditions for moist heat sterilization using an autoclave? | 121°C at 15 psi for at least 15 minutes |
| What is a major limitation of using UV radiation for sterilization? | It cannot penetrate solid, opaque, light-absorbing surfaces. |
| When performing aseptic transfers with a glass culture tube, which step is essential to prevent contamination? | Passing the neck of the tube briefly through a flame before and after the transfer. |
| Which form of dry heat sterilization is commonly used in the lab for inoculating loops and needles? | Direct flaming (incineration) |
| Which method is most appropriate for sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids, such as antibiotic solutions or beer? | Filtration |
| Which of the following is true regarding "deeps" (solid medium containing agar in upright test tubes)? | They are usually used for anaerobic growth. |
| Which of the following physical properties makes agar an ideal solidifying agent for microbiology? | It liquefies at 100°C and solidifies at 40-42°C. |
| Which of the following statements regarding the "Tree of Life" and phylogenetic relationships is accurate based on 16S rRNA analysis? | Fungi, such as *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, are more closely related to plants than to bacteria. |
| Which sterilization method is termed "cold-sterilization" because no heat is used in the process? | Ethylene oxide gas |
| Which term is defined as the killing or removal of all living organisms and their viruses from a growth medium? | Sterilization |
| Which type of culture tube preparation is most commonly used for the maintenance of stock cultures? | Slants |
| Why is moist heat (autoclaving) generally more effective than dry heat for sterilization? | It facilitates the killing of highly heat-resistant bacterial endospores. |
| Why should tubes containing bacterial cultures always be held at an angle during transfer? | To prevent airborne contaminants from entering the tube. |
Created by:
emberblankenship9