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chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment |
| abiotic | a non living (physical or chemical) component of the environment |
| biotic | a living component of an environment |
| evolutionary adaptations | the genetic adaptation of a population to its environment throughout evolution |
| exponential growth | unrestricted population growth where the population grows at a faster rate with each successive generation |
| logistic growth | population growth that is constrained by biotic or abiotic factors such as competition or nutrients |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can be sustained by the available resources in a given environment |
| limiting resource | an essential factor whose short supply limits the growth of a population |
| competition | the interactions that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resources at the expense of another |
| competitive exclusion | the elimination of one species by another as a result of competition |
| resource partitioning | the sharing of resources by specialization |
| ecological niche | the full range of ecological characteristics of a species,like its feeding habits,specific habitat and reproductive strategy |
| Trophic Cascade | when changes in the abundance of an organism result in changes at other trophic levels of the food chain |
| stabilizing selection | natural selection that acts against individuals with extreme expression of a trait |
| directional selection | natural selection that favors extreme expression of a trait |
| inducible defenses | defense mechanism that an organism uses only in response to predators |
| coevolution | the process in which one species evolves in response to another |
| commensal | a symbiotic relationship in which one species obtains shelter food or other benefits without affecting the other or host |
| parasitism | the type of symbiosis in which one partner the parasite derives benefits from the other the host |
| mutualism | the type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from the relationship |
| recruitment | the entry of young individuals into a population or in in fisheries biology into a fished stock |
| benthic | organisms that live on the bottom |
| pelagic | open water |
| intertidal | the area between the highest and lowest tide |
| subtidal | the bottom above the continental shelf |
| bathyal | the bottom between the shelf break and a depth of approxmately 4,000 |
| abyssal | the bottom from a depth of approximately 4,000m to 6,000 m |
| hadal | the bottom below 6,000m |
| neritic | the pelagic environment above the continental shelf |
| oceanic | the pelagic environment beyond the shelf break |
| epipelagic | the pelagic environment from the surface to a depth of 100 to 2000 m. |
| mesopelagic | the pelagic environment from a depth of approxmately 200m to 1,000m |
| bathypelagic | the pelagic environment from a depth 1,000m to 4,000m |
| abyssopelagic | the pelagic environment from a depth of 4000 m to 6000 m |
| hadopelagic | the pelagic environment below 6000 m |
| food chain | the steps of tansfer of energy from primary producers through consumers |
| trophic level | each of the steps in a food chain |
| food web | all of the interconnecting feeding relastionships in a community |
| trophic pyramid | the pryamid like a relationship found in the pyramids of biomass energy and numbers of organisms in a food chainn |
| biomass | the total mass of a living organisms |
| detritus | particles of dead organic matter |
| nutrient regeneration | the release of nutrients from organic matter by decomposeres |
| productivity | The rate of primary production |
| gross primary productio | The total amount of organic carbon manufactured by primary producers. |
| net primary production | The amount of organic carbon left over to fuel the food web after accounting for producer’s energetic needs. |
| standing stock | standing crop) The total amount, or biomass, of an organism at a given time. |
| denitrification | The conversion of fixed nitrogen back to nitrogen gas |
Created by:
shandyy