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BIOL Chapter 3 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species | Group of members of a population that meet criteria under a species concept |
| Morphological Species | Species defined by distinct form and structure from other groups |
| Ecological Species | Species defined by shared distinct resources and same ecological niche |
| Biological Species | Species defined by actual or potential interbreeding in nature producing fertile offspring |
| Reproductive Isolation | Accumulation of genetic differences preventing gene pools from mixing |
| Prezygotic Barriers | Reproductive barriers occurring before fertilization |
| Habitat (Ecological) Isolation | Species live in different ecological niches |
| Temporal Isolation | Species breed at different times |
| Behavioural Isolation | Species differ in communication or mating behavior |
| Mechanical Isolation | Differences in copulatory mechanics prevent mating |
| Gametic Isolation | Gametes incompatible due to receptor differences |
| Postzygotic Barriers | Reproductive barriers occurring after fertilization |
| Reduced Hybrid Viability | Hybrid embryo fails to develop or survive |
| Reduced Hybrid Fertility | Hybrid survives but is sterile |
| Hybrid Breakdown | First generation viable but second generation infertile or weak |
| Androdioecious Species | Mostly hermaphrodites that reproduce via self-fertilization |
| Gynogenetic Species | All females; require sperm from another species to stimulate development but do not incorporate genes |
| Hybrid Species | Two species interbreed producing fertile offspring |
| Ring Species | Populations distributed in ring; interbreed with neighbors but not at extremes |
| Subspecies (Breeds) | Population groups within species that share geographic range and genetic traits but not fully reproductively isolated |
| Speciation | Bifurcation of ancestral species into two reproductively isolated species |
| Allopatric Speciation | Speciation via geographic separation preventing gene flow |
| Peripatric Speciation | Small isolated population leading to speciation |
| Parapatric Speciation | Speciation across environmental gradient or discontinuity |
| Sympatric Speciation | New species forms within range of population without geographic separation |
| Polyploidy | Increase in chromosome number contributing to sympatric speciation |
| Hybrid Zone | Region where previously isolated populations meet and interbreed |
| Secondary Contact | Reintroduction of isolated populations allowing hybridization |
| Reinforcement | Natural selection strengthens reproductive barriers when hybrids have low fitness |
| Stability | Continual production of hybrids due to incomplete isolation |
| Fusion | Weakening of barriers causing two species to merge (reticulate evolution) |
| Coral Chimera | Single colony containing distinct genetic cell lineages |
| Speciation Rate | Speed at which new species form |
| Macroevolution | Large-scale evolutionary change above species level |
| Adaptive Radiation | Rapid diversification from common ancestor |
| Extinction | Disappearance of species groups over geological time |
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