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Chatpter 11

TermDefinition
Heredity The science of or the process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring.
Genetics The science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent.
DNA The combination of proteins, called nucleotides, that is arranged to make up an organism’s chromosomes.
Gene A tiny segment of DNA found on a chromosome within a cell’s nucleus.
Chromosomes Units within cell nuclei where genetic material is stored.
Genome All the DNA in an organism, including its genes.
Use of DNA Testing Newborn screening. Diagnostic testing. Carrier testing. Prenatal testing. Preimplantation testing. Predictive and presymptomatic testing. Forensic testing.
Genetic Discrimination Differential treatment based on actual or presumed genetic differences.
Laws that prohibit genetic discrimination: HIPAA. ADA. GINA. ACA.
Cloning The process used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue, or organism. *Controversial*
Types of cloning Gene cloning. Therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning. Xenotransplantation.
Gene Therapy The insertion of a normally functioning gene into cells in which an abnormal or absent element of the gene has caused disease.
Variety of applications Replace deficiencies. Insert normal copies of genes. Turn off harmful genes.
Infertility The failure to conceive for a period of 12 months or longer due to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any reproductive part, organ, or system.
Created by: Lecia22
 

 



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