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Topic 8

Genetic finger printing

TermDefinition
What is Genetic fingerprinting This is the analysis of VNTR DNA fragments and this can be used to determine genetic relationships and the genetic variablity within a population
VNTR 95% of human DNA is made of introns which consists of many variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs)
Order of Genetic finger printing Collection Extraction Digestion Seperation Hybridisation Development Anaylysis
Collection and extraction The smallest sample of DNA is collected for genetic finger printing. Can be from blood body, cells, or hair folicles If the sample of DNA is small then PCR is used to amplify the amount of DNA
Digestion Restrction endonucleases are added to cut DNA into smaller fragments Enzymes which cut close to the target VNTRs are added
Seperation The DNA samples are loaded into small wells in agar gel The gel is placed in a buffer liquid with an electrical voltage applied DNA is negativley charged so the DNA samples move through the gel towards the positive end of the gel
Seperation This stage is gel electrophoresis The agar gel creates resistance for the moving DNA and smaller piecs of DNA can move faster and futher along the gel This is how different lengths of DNA are seperated
An alkaline is then added to seperate the double strands of DNA
Development The agar gel will shrink and crack as it dries therefore the VNTRS and DNA probes are transferred to a nylon sheet The nylon sheet can be exposed to x rays to visualise the position of radioactive gene probes or UV light if fluorescence probes were used
Analysis The position of the DNA bands are compared to identify genetic relationships the presences of a disease causing gene and to mactch unknown samples from a crime scene
Uses of genetic finger printing This method can be used in the fields of Forensic science to place suspects are crime scenes For medical diognosis To ensure animal and plants are not closley related before being breed
Created by: yHya
 

 



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