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A&P 1
BLP Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| true or false: sutures are only found in skull | true |
| sutures are a fibrous joint- bones joined together by... | collagen fibers |
| what are the cranial sutures | coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid |
| where is the coronal suture | joins frontal and parietal bones |
| where is the sagittal suture | joins parietal bones |
| where is the squamous suture | joins temporal to parietal bones |
| where is the lambdoid suture | joins occipital to parietal bones |
| what are the cranial bones (PEST OF 6) | parietal (2), ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal (2), occipital, frontal |
| frontal bone landmarks | supraorbital foramen |
| temporal bone landmarks | - styloid process - mastoid process -mandibular fossa |
| the zygomatic arch is made of parts of which bones | temporal and zygomatic |
| what does the zygomatic arch provide structure for | cheeks, connects cranial to facial bones |
| occipital bone landmarks | - foramen magnum - occipital condyles |
| ethmoid bone landmarks | - perpendicular plate - Crista Galli - cribriform plate |
| what are the holes in the cribriform plate for | nerve fibers for smell |
| what does the sphenoid bone do | helps hold cranial structure |
| sphenoid bone landmarks | - lesser wings - greater wings - Sella turcica |
| the Sella turcica has a depression for what | the pituitary gland hangs into |
| what are the facial bones (MANY MONKEYS LIVE IN VERY NICE PUBLIC ZOOS) | mandible, maxilla (2), lacrimal (2), inferior nasal concha (2), vomer, nasal (2), palatine (2), zygomatic (2) |
| maxilla landmarks | - infraorbital foramen - palatine process |
| palatine bone landmarks | hard palate (palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone) |
| mandible landmarks | - mental foramen - coronoid process - mandibular condyle |
| where does the mandibular condyle rest within | mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
| nasal bone landmarks | - nose bridge |
| where is the lacrimal | inside eye socket |
| vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone makes up what | nasal septum |
| what are foramen | passageways for nerves to exit skull to muscles and skin of face |
| what are fontanelles of infant skull for | - allow babies head to compress during birth - allow for brain growth during infancy |
| when do fontanelles close and are replaced by bones | 1-2 years |
| the hyoid bone... | does not articulate with any other bone |
| where is the hyoid bone and what is it | attaches to styloid process via ligaments, it is an attachment point for muscles to move larynx (voice box) |
| what are the sections of vertebrae (BREAKAST AT 7, LUNCH AT 12, DINNER AT 5) | cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5) |
| what are the primary and secondary curvatures of the spine | - primary: thoracic and sacral curve - secondar: cervical and lumbar curve |
| what are the generic landmarks of a vertebrae | - body - transverse process - vertebral foramen (hole) - superior articular facet - transverse facet - spinous process - inferior articular facet |
| transverse foramen are only in which vertebrae | cervical vertebrae |
| atlas (C1) landmarks | - superior articular facets |
| true or false: the atlas (C1) has no vertebral body | true |
| what does the atlas (C1) vertebrae look like | Baby Yoda |
| axis (C2) landmarks | - dens |
| what does the axis (C2) vertebrae look like | happy face with nose |
| atlas and axis create.... | joint for rotation of the head |
| what animal do cervical vertebrae look like | axolotl |
| what animal do thoracic vertebrae look like | giraffe |
| thoracic vertebrae landmarks | - costal facet (where rib attaches) - intervertebral foramen (between 2 vertebrae) |
| vertebral bodies stack with a _____ ______ in-between | vertebral disc |
| costal facets are only in which vertebrae | thoracic |
| what animal do lumbar vertebrae look like | moose |
| when vertebrae stack, the inferior articular facet of the superior vertebra will articulate with... | the superior articular facet of the inferior vertebra |
| what are the abnormal spine curvatures | scoliosis: lateral curvature kyphosis: thoracic curvature (due to osteoporosis) lordosis: lumbar curvature |
| true or false: ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae posteriorly while they articulate with the sternum anteriorly | true |
| sternum landmarks | - manubrium (top of tie) - body - xiphoid process (tip of tie) |
| what are the true ribs | 1-7 |
| what are the false ribs | 8-12 |
| what are the floating ribs | 11-12 |
| what is costal cartilage | segments of hyaline cartilage - anterior and medial |
| costal facets of thoracic vertebrae will articulate with... | head and tubercle of ribs |
| rib # = | lower vertebra # (ex: if given T8 and T9 --> rib 9 |
| a rib has how many total points of contact | 3 |
| what are the 3 different joint classes | fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| fibrous joints | adjoining bones unite by collagenous fibers |
| examples of fibrous joints | - suture (short fibers, only in skull) - syndesmosis (longer fibers, held by ligament) - gomphosis (peg i socket) - periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket |
| cartilaginous fibers | adjoining bones united by cartilage |
| examples of cartilaginous joints | - synchondrosis (united by hyaline cartilage) - symphysis (united by fibrocartilage) |
| synovial joints | adjoining bones covered with articular cartilage, separated by joint cavity, enclosed within articular capsule lined with synovial membrane |
| plane synovial joints are | nonaxial (ex: intercarpal joints) |
| hinge synovial joints are | uniaxial (ex: elbow, interphalangeal joints) |
| pivot synovial joints are | uniaxial (ex: between ulna and radius) |
| condylar synovial joints are | biaxial (ex: knuckle and wrist joints) |
| saddle synovial joints are | biaxial (ex: carpometacarpal joints of thumbs- between metacarpal 1 and trapezium) |
| ball and socket synovial joints are | multiaxial (ex: shoulder and hip joints) |
| Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) | - anterior femur to posterior tibia - prevents backward sliding of tibia |
| anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) | - posterior femur to anterior tibia - prevents forward sliding of tibia |
| lateral/fibular collateral ligament and medial/tibial collateral ligament prevent... | medial and lateral rotations |
| medial meniscuses and lateral meniscus are... | fibrocartilage pads |
| sternal (medial) end of clavicle -visually rougher and chunkier- articulates with... | manubrium |
| acromial (lateral) end of clavicle -visually smooth and flat- articulates with... | acromion of scapular |
| scapula landmarks | - acromion process (articulates with acromial end of clavicle to form acromioclavicular joint) - coracoid process - scapular spine - supraspinous fossa -glenoid cavity (forms socket for head of humerus = shoulder joint) |
| humerus landmarks | - head - neck - greater tubercle - lesser tubercule - intertubercular groove/sulcus - deltoid tuberosity - capitulum (ball) - trochlea (spool of thread) - lateral epicondyle - medial epicondyle - olecranon fossa - coronoid fossa |
| ula articulates with which 2 landmarks of the humerus | olecranon fossa and coronoid fossa |
| radius landmarks | - head - radial tuberosity - ulnar notch - styloid process of radius (can feel in wrist) |
| ulna rolls around the ____ of humerus to flex and extend the elbow | trochlea |
| head of radius pivots next to ulna to ____ the lower arm | turn |
| ulna landmarks | - coronoid process of ulna (fits into same fossa on humerus) - olecranon process of ulna (fits into same fossa on humerus) - trochlear notch - radial notch (head of radius articulates with this) - styloid process of ulna (can feel in wrist) |
| carpal bones of the wrist (STRAIGHT LINE TO PINKY, HERE COMES THE THUMB) | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (not visible posteriorly), hamate (has handle/hook), capitate, trapezoid, trapezium (under thumb) |
| 3 parts of the hip (coxal) bone | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| hip bone landmarks | - obturator foramen - acetabulum - anterior superior iliac spine - posterior superior iliac spine - sacroiliac joints - pubic symphysis joint - lesser sciatic notch - greater sciatic notch - iliac crest - ischial tuberosity |
| what is the obturator foramen in the hip bone | hole that nerve passes through |
| what is the depression on the lateral side of the acetabulum in the hip bone for | socket for head of femur to create hip joint |
| differences of female and male pelvis | - female: wide pubic angle, flare at angle, wider pelvic outlet, coccyx points downward - male: narrow pubic angle, upright, narrow pelvic outlet, coccyx curves inward |
| femur landmarks | - head (will always be medial to form joint with acetabulum) - neck - lesser trochanter - greater trochanter - medial condyle - lateral condyle - line aspera - groove for patella - medial epicondyle - lateral epicondyle |
| what is the biggest bone in the body | femur |
| tibia landmarks | - lateral condyle of tibia - medial condyle of tibia - anterior crest - tibial tuberosity - medial malleolus of tibia |
| fibula landmarks | - lateral malleolus of fibula |
| ankle joint | - medial malleolus of tibia - lateral malleolus of fibula - talus of foot |
| to tell if looking at top or bottom of foot, look for... | arch |
| foot landmarks | - tarsals - metatarsal (1-5 from medial to lateral) - phalanges: proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx - hallux (big toe): no middle phalanx |
| hand landmarks | - pollex (thumb): no middle phalanx - phalanges: distal phalanx, middle phalanx, proximal phalanx - metacarpals (1-5 from medial to lateral) - carpals |
| tarsals -going from posterior to anterior and medial to lateral- (TIGER CUBS NEED MILC) | talus, calcaneus, navicular, medical cuneiform (medial and under navicular), intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid (most lateral) |
Created by:
katiew0