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BI102 Labs

TermDefinition
Three domains Archaea, Prokarya, and Eukarya
Phylogenetic trees diagrammatic hypotheses representing evo relationships & lines of descent among organisms based on genetic, molecular & morphological data Show how orgs r related thru common ancestors w/ branches indicating lineages & nodes representing speciation event
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote Euk r complex c w/ a membr-bound nucleus w/ linear DNA & specialized organelles Divide via mitosis Prok (bacteria + archaea) r smaller, simpler, unic orgs lacking nucleus w/ free-floating circular DNA in a nucleoid region Divide via binary fission
Dichotomous key scientific, two-choice tool used to identify organisms or objects based on observable, contrasting characteristics Purpose is to identify unknown organisms or objects
Cocci bacteria Spheres shaped bacteria
Bacilli bacteria Rods shaped bacteria
Spirilla bacteria Spiral shaped bacteria
Nostoc blue-green algae cyanobacteria that typically appears as olive-green to dark blue-green, rubbery, jelly-like blobs or mats Looks like a huge chain of circles
Zone of inhibition a clear, circular area on an agar plate around an antimicrobial disk where bacteria cannot grow, indicating susceptibility
Antibiotic effectiveness Inherent variations in bacterial biological structures (like c wall composition) & evo adaptations allow bacteria to evade drug mechanisms If bacterium lacks target or has adapted to hide it, antibiotic is ineffective
Symbiotic relationships Mutualism (both benefit) - like protists and termites Commensalism (one benefits, one unaffected) Parasitism (one benefits, one harmed)
Insects are effective vector Insects are effective vectors of diseases because they are mobile and reproduce rapidly Feed on blood, making it easy to acquire and transmit diseases
Yeast unicellular fungi advantage - rapid reproduction and adaptation
Multicellular fungi Most fungi Advantage is greater size and complexity, more functions, improved efficiency and durability
Lichens Contain symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria, as fungi is protected by algae layers, fungal hyphae absorbs water and nutrients for algae, in return for sugars prod in chlorophyll of algae
Monocot multiples of 3 or 4 flower parts Parallel venation Fibrous root sys Scattered stem/vasc bundles
Eudicot multiples of 5 Branched venation Tap root sys Stems/ vasc bundles in a ring
Carpel female reproductive unit of a flower Consist of stigma, style, and ovary (that contains ovules)
Stamen male reproductive unit of flower that prod pollen Anther (tip that prod pollen) Filament (stalk)
Sepals Specialized, usually green, leaf-like structure that forms the outermost whorl of a flower, serving to protect the delicate bud before it opens
Earthworms mouth, clitellium, anus Dorsal blood vessel, intestines, gizzard, crop, gonads, hearts
Grasshoppers antennas, head, wings, prnotum, abdomen, thorax gizzard, crop, gonads, trachea/lungs
Perch Caudal fin, anal, dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, operculum, eye, mouth Spinal column, kidney, swim bladder, liver, splene, stomach, heart, gonads
Earthworms Closed circulatory system Diffusion respiratory method Nephridia excretory organ Ventral nerve cord
Grasshoppers Open circulatory system Lungs/trachea respiratory method Malpighian tubules excretory organ Ventral nerve cord location
Perch Open circulatory system Gills respiration method Kidney excretory method Dorsal nerve cord location
 

 



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