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BI102 Labs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Three domains | Archaea, Prokarya, and Eukarya |
| Phylogenetic trees | diagrammatic hypotheses representing evo relationships & lines of descent among organisms based on genetic, molecular & morphological data Show how orgs r related thru common ancestors w/ branches indicating lineages & nodes representing speciation event |
| Prokaryote vs Eukaryote | Euk r complex c w/ a membr-bound nucleus w/ linear DNA & specialized organelles Divide via mitosis Prok (bacteria + archaea) r smaller, simpler, unic orgs lacking nucleus w/ free-floating circular DNA in a nucleoid region Divide via binary fission |
| Dichotomous key | scientific, two-choice tool used to identify organisms or objects based on observable, contrasting characteristics Purpose is to identify unknown organisms or objects |
| Cocci bacteria | Spheres shaped bacteria |
| Bacilli bacteria | Rods shaped bacteria |
| Spirilla bacteria | Spiral shaped bacteria |
| Nostoc blue-green algae | cyanobacteria that typically appears as olive-green to dark blue-green, rubbery, jelly-like blobs or mats Looks like a huge chain of circles |
| Zone of inhibition | a clear, circular area on an agar plate around an antimicrobial disk where bacteria cannot grow, indicating susceptibility |
| Antibiotic effectiveness | Inherent variations in bacterial biological structures (like c wall composition) & evo adaptations allow bacteria to evade drug mechanisms If bacterium lacks target or has adapted to hide it, antibiotic is ineffective |
| Symbiotic relationships | Mutualism (both benefit) - like protists and termites Commensalism (one benefits, one unaffected) Parasitism (one benefits, one harmed) |
| Insects are effective vector | Insects are effective vectors of diseases because they are mobile and reproduce rapidly Feed on blood, making it easy to acquire and transmit diseases |
| Yeast | unicellular fungi advantage - rapid reproduction and adaptation |
| Multicellular fungi | Most fungi Advantage is greater size and complexity, more functions, improved efficiency and durability |
| Lichens | Contain symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria, as fungi is protected by algae layers, fungal hyphae absorbs water and nutrients for algae, in return for sugars prod in chlorophyll of algae |
| Monocot | multiples of 3 or 4 flower parts Parallel venation Fibrous root sys Scattered stem/vasc bundles |
| Eudicot | multiples of 5 Branched venation Tap root sys Stems/ vasc bundles in a ring |
| Carpel | female reproductive unit of a flower Consist of stigma, style, and ovary (that contains ovules) |
| Stamen | male reproductive unit of flower that prod pollen Anther (tip that prod pollen) Filament (stalk) |
| Sepals | Specialized, usually green, leaf-like structure that forms the outermost whorl of a flower, serving to protect the delicate bud before it opens |
| Earthworms | mouth, clitellium, anus Dorsal blood vessel, intestines, gizzard, crop, gonads, hearts |
| Grasshoppers | antennas, head, wings, prnotum, abdomen, thorax gizzard, crop, gonads, trachea/lungs |
| Perch | Caudal fin, anal, dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, operculum, eye, mouth Spinal column, kidney, swim bladder, liver, splene, stomach, heart, gonads |
| Earthworms | Closed circulatory system Diffusion respiratory method Nephridia excretory organ Ventral nerve cord |
| Grasshoppers | Open circulatory system Lungs/trachea respiratory method Malpighian tubules excretory organ Ventral nerve cord location |
| Perch | Open circulatory system Gills respiration method Kidney excretory method Dorsal nerve cord location |