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Mental Health Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mental health? | The ability to cope with and adjust to recurrent stresses of living in an acceptable way. |
| What three factors influence mental health? | - Inherited characteristics - Childhood nurturing - Life circumstances |
| What defines mental illness? | Behaviors that: - Interfere with daily activities - Impair judgment - Alter reality |
| How did primitive societies view mental illness? | Caused by evil spirits or demonic possession; treatment focused on removing the spirit. |
| What was Hippocrates’ view of mental illness? | Imbalance of the four humors: air, fire, water, earth. |
| What major reform did Philippe Pinel introduce? | Freed patients from chains and promoted humane treatment. |
| What was Dorothea Dix known for? | Surveying asylums and advocating for improved conditions. |
| What major change occurred with psychotherapeutic drugs? | Allowed many patients to function outside institutions → deinstitutionalization. |
| What is deinstitutionalization? | Movement shifting care from institutions to community‑based settings. |
| What is the major difference between inpatient and outpatient care? | - Inpatient: 24‑hour structured, therapeutic environment. - Outpatient: Client remains in community while receiving services. |
| What is the Community Support Systems (CSS) model? | A holistic model coordinating social, medical, and psychiatric services to promote independence. |
| Name four community mental health delivery settings. | - Emergency care - Residential programs - Partial hospitalization - Psychiatric home care |
| What are the five components of case management? | - Psychosocial rehabilitation - Consultation - Resource linkage - Advocacy - Therapy & crisis intervention |
| Name four high‑risk populations. | - Homeless individuals - Children/adolescents/older adults - People with HIV - Veterans |
| Define values, beliefs, and morals. | - Belief: Accepted as true. - Value: Something held dear. - Morals: Reflect beliefs and values; not easily changed. |
| What is the purpose of the Patient Care Partnership? | Outlines expectations, rights, and responsibilities of clients. |
| List the ethical principles. | Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, confidentiality, fidelity, veracity. |
| What are the four elements required to prove negligence? | - Duty - Breach of duty - Injury - Damages |
| What is involuntary admission? | Admission initiated by someone other than the client for safety and stabilization. |
| Define culture, ethnicity, and religion. | - Culture: Total way of life; shared values. - Ethnicity: Customs and socialization patterns. - Religion: Organized system of worship. |
| What are the seven characteristics of culture? | Learned, transmitted, shared, integrated, ideal/real components, dynamic, individual variation. |
| What is stereotyping? | Oversimplified mental picture of a cultural group. |
| What are the six components of cultural assessment? | - Communication - Environmental control - Space/territory/time - Social organization - Biological factors - Cultural identity |
| What four topics must be assessed in refugees? | - Immigration history - Arrival details - Losses - Stress‑related symptoms |
| What are Freud’s three personality structures? | A: Id, ego, superego. |
| What are common defense mechanisms? | Denial, fantasy, projection, repression. |
| What is Erikson known for? | Eight psychosocial stages, each with a developmental task. |
| What is Maslow’s hierarchy used for? | Planning and prioritizing client care. |
| What is homeostasis? | Body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state. |
| What are the three stages of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome? | Alarm → Resistance → Exhaustion. |
| Difference between complementary and alternative therapies? | - Complementary: Used with conventional medicine. - Alternative: Used instead of conventional medicine. |
| What is integrative medicine? | Blends conventional and alternative therapies; treats body, mind, spirit. |
| Name three biologically based practices. | Aromatherapy, dietary supplements, herbal products. |
| What is mind‑body medicine? | Belief that mind and spirit affect physical health. |
| What is a major precaution with CAM therapies? | Possible interactions with prescription drugs; always consult provider. |
| What are the seven principles of mental health care? | Do no harm, accept whole person, develop mutual trust, explore behaviors/emotions, encourage responsibility, encourage adaptation, provide consistency. |
| What are the four components of behavior? | Perceptions, thoughts, feelings, actions. |
| What is the purpose of crisis intervention? | Ensure safety, reduce anxiety, restore self‑control. |
| What is overinvolvement? | When caregivers cross professional boundaries by becoming too helpful or controlling. |
| What are the purposes of a mental health treatment plan? | - Guide care - Monitor progress - Coordinate communication |
| What are the five steps of the nursing process? | Assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation. |
| What are the three methods of data collection? | Interview, observation, rating scales/inventories. |
| What are the six parts of a holistic assessment? | Physical, intellectual, social, cultural, spiritual, emotional. |
| What are the five categories of the Mental Status Exam? | - General description - Emotional state - Experiences - Thinking - Sensorium & cognition |
| What is sensorium? | The part of consciousness that perceives, sorts, and combines information. |
| What is self‑awareness in mental health care? | The ability to objectively look within and direct one’s own growth. |
| Why is self‑awareness essential for caregivers? | Because caregivers must practice the same introspection they encourage in clients. |
| What is insight? | The ability to see clearly and understand the nature of things using judgment and prudence. |
| How does failure contribute to personal growth? | Failure provides opportunities for change and learning. |
| What does acceptance mean in self‑help? | Receiving the entire person and their world without necessarily approving behaviors. |
| What is the first step in developing a positive attitude? | Listening to your self‑talk. |
| How do thoughts influence behavior? | Thoughts → feelings → words → actions. |
| What are techniques for developing a positive mental attitude? | Change negative themes, be your own cheerleader, visualize success, act the part. |
| What is cognitive restructuring? | Replacing dysfunctional thoughts with healthier ones. |
| What is covert modeling? | Mentally rehearsing a difficult task before doing it. |
| What does “encourage effective adaptation” mean? | Helping clients learn coping mechanisms and take one step at a time. |
| What is the purpose of crisis intervention? | Reduce anxiety, ensure safety, restore self‑control. |
| What is problem‑solving therapy? | Teaching clients to solve problems in constructive, satisfying ways. |
| What is reality therapy? | Helping clients evaluate their behaviors and develop more effective choices. |
| Why must caregivers nurture themselves? | To effectively care for clients, they must first tend to their own needs. |
| What does nurturing yourself involve? | Recognizing your needs and encouraging your own development. |
| What is commitment in self‑help? | A promise to do your best in every situation. |
| What is the premise of mind‑body medicine? | The mind and spirit can affect physical functioning. |
| What are expressive therapies used for? | Helping people express emotions they cannot verbalize. |
| What are the physical effects of meditation? | Slower HR, decreased BP, lower oxygen use, increased alpha waves. |
| What is guided imagery? | A relaxation technique using mental visualization to reduce stress. |
| What is biofeedback? | Using visual or auditory information to control physical responses. |
| What is the purpose of self‑help groups? | Provide mutual support among people with shared problems. |
| What do self‑help groups emphasize? | Shared experience, support, coping, and empowerment. |
| What is holistic care? | Treating the whole person—mind, body, and spirit. |
| What is integrative medicine? | Blending conventional and alternative therapies for whole‑person wellness. |
| What is the goal of CAM mental health therapies? | Improve well‑being through body‑mind‑spirit interactions. |
| What is stress adaptation theory? | The body responds to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion. |
| What CAM therapies reduce stress? | Meditation, prayer, spiritual healing, expressive therapies. |
| What is the purpose of relaxation techniques? | Reduce physical tension and emotional stress. |
| What does thinking refer to in the Mental Status Examination? | Thinking refers to thought content, meaning what an individual is thinking. |
| What are the six types of thought‑content abnormalities listed in the document? | - Delusions - Obsessions - Phobias - Preoccupations - Amnesia - Confabulations |
| What are delusions? | The document lists delusions as a type of abnormal thought content but does not define them. They are included as one of the possible experiences a client may have during the thinking assessment. |
| What are obsessions in the context of thought content? | The document identifies obsessions as one of the possible thought‑content findings but does not provide a definition. |
| What are phobias in the thinking assessment? | Phobias are listed as a type of thought content that may be present, though the document does not define them. |
| What are preoccupations? | Preoccupations are included as a possible thought‑content finding during the mental status exam, but the document does not define them. |
| What is amnesia in the context of thinking? | Amnesia is listed as a possible abnormality in thought content, though the document does not define it. |
| What are confabulations? | Confabulations are listed as a type of thought‑content abnormality but are not defined in the document. |
| Why is assessing thinking important in the Mental Status Exam? | It helps identify abnormalities in what the client is thinking, which provides insight into their perception of reality and cognitive functioning. |
Created by:
yolandalemon719