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Gabe EES 3.5

TermDefinition
Temperature A measure of how hot or cold something is, based on the average kinetic energy of its particles.
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air.
Circulation The large-scale movement of air or water that transfers heat around Earth.
Global winds Large wind systems that blow steadily over long distances across the planet.
Jet stream A fast-moving, narrow band of strong winds high in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere The layer of gases surrounding Earth.
Ocean A vast body of saltwater covering about 70% of Earth’s surface.
Air mass A large body of air with similar temperature and humidity throughout.
Cold front The boundary where cold air pushes under and replaces warm air.
Warm front The boundary where warm air moves over and replaces cold air.
Precipitation Any form of water that falls from clouds (rain, snow, sleet, hail).
Temperature gradient The difference in temperature between two areas.
Hurricane A large, powerful tropical storm that forms over warm ocean water.
Thunderstorm A storm with thunder, lightning, heavy rain, and sometimes hail or strong winds.
Convection Heat transfer by movement of fluids (like warm air rising and cool air sinking).
Conduction Heat transfer through direct contact between materials.
Radiation Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves (like sunlight).
Pacific Ocean The largest and deepest ocean on Earth.
Trade winds (easterlies) Steady winds that blow from east to west near the equator.
Westerlies Winds that blow from west to east in the middle latitudes.
Global impacts Effects that influence the entire planet.
El Niño A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean surface waters become warmer than normal, affecting weather worldwide.
La Niña A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean surface waters become cooler than normal, affecting global weather.
Warm ocean current A stream of warm water moving through the ocean.
Gulf Stream A warm ocean current in the Atlantic that carries heat from the tropics toward Europe.
Coastal regions Areas of land near the ocean.
Oceanic conveyor belt The global system of deep-ocean currents that moves water around the planet.
Coriolis effect The apparent bending of moving air and water caused by Earth’s rotation.
Heat Energy that moves from warmer objects to cooler ones.
Wind belts Large regions of Earth where prevailing winds blow in a certain direction.
Equator An imaginary line around Earth’s middle that divides the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Poles The northernmost and southernmost points on Earth (North and South Pole).
Ocean gyres Large circular systems of ocean currents.
Thermohaline circulation Deep-ocean movement driven by differences in temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline).
Surface temperatures Temperatures at Earth’s surface (land or ocean).
Deep currents Ocean currents that move far below the surface.
Regional climate The typical weather patterns of a specific area over a long time.
Climate zones (Maritime Tropical, Maritime Polar, Continental Tropical, Continental Polar, Continental Arctic) Categories of air masses based on where they form and their temperature and moisture characteristics.
Seasons Periods of the year (spring, summer, fall, winter) caused by Earth’s tilt and orbit around the Sun.
Sea breeze A wind that blows from the ocean toward land during the day.
Coastal fog Fog that forms near the coast when moist air cools.
Hurricanes Powerful tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rain (same as hurricane definition above).
Local climate The typical weather conditions of a small, specific area.
Moisture content The amount of water vapor in the air.
Land-sea breezes Daily wind patterns caused by temperature differences between land and water.
Hadley Cells Large circulation patterns near the equator where warm air rises and cooler air sinks.
Upwelling The movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from deep ocean to the surface.
Downwelling The sinking of surface water into deeper parts of the ocean.
Earth’s rotation The spinning of Earth on its axis.
Created by: user-2004096
 

 



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