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Chapter 14
Seizures
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epilepsy: | is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
| Absence Seizures: | are a type of generalized seizure characterized by brief episodes of staring or loss of awareness, typically lasting only a few seconds |
| Tonic-Clonic Seizures: | also known as grand mal seizures, are a type of generalized seizure that involves two phases: the tonic phase, where the body stiffens and muscles contract, and the clonic phase, characterized by rhythmic shaking or jerking movements. |
| Tonic: | stiffening of limbs |
| Clonic: | limbs and face begin to jerk |
| Status epilepticus seizures: | are continuous tonic-clonic seizures that last longer than five minutes or recur before the end of the postictal period of the previous seizure |
| Partial Seizures: | also known as focal seizures, originate in a specific area of the brain and can be classified into two types: simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures. |
| carbamazepine (Tegretol) | First drug of choice for Partial Seizures |
| lamotrigine (Lamictal) | First drug of choice for Tonic-Clonic Seizures |
| ethosuximide (Zarontin) | First drug of choice for Absence Seizures |
| diazepam (Valium) | First drug of choice for Status epilepticus |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome: | is a severe, potentially life-threatening skin condition characterized by widespread skin rash, blistering, and mucous membrane involvement. |
| Stomatitis: | inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, which can cause symptoms like soreness, swelling, and ulcers. |
| Erythema multiforme | a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance or red, target-like lesions of spots on the skin, often triggered by infections, medications, or other factors |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | a chronic pain condition characterized by sudden, severe facial pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. |
| gabapentin (Neurontin) | Antiseizure Agents |
| lamotrigine (Lamictal) | Antiseizure Agents |
| levetiracetam (Keppra, Keppra XR) | Antiseizure Agents |
| phenytoin (Dilantin) | Antiseizure Agents |
| pregabalin (Lyrica) | Antiseizure Agents |
| valproate (Depacon, Depakote) | Antiseizure Agents |
| carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Antiseizure Agents |
| phenobarbital (Sezaby) (Luminal) | Barbiturate / Antiseizure agent |
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espinash