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exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stereognosis | sense that allows person to recognize the size, shape, and texture of an object |
| presbyopia | gradual decline in ability of lens to accomodate or focus on close objects |
| cataracts | cloudy areas in part or entire lens interfering passage of light through lens, causing problems with glare and blurred vision |
| glaucoma | slow progressive increase in intraocular pressure, causes progressive pressure against optic nerve = peripheral visual loss |
| presbycusis | common progressive hearing disorder in older adults |
| xerostomia | decrease in saliva production leading to thicker mucus and dry mouth interfering ability to eat |
| what are examples of performing self-care | reading bills, writing checks |
| what is aphasia | varied degrees of inability to speak, interpret or understand language |
| expressive aphasia | understands but cant express answer |
| receptive/sensory aphasia | inability to understand written or spoken language (can express words cant understand) |
| global aphasia | inability to understand language or communicate orally |
| example of safe environment for procioceptive impairment | nonskid surfaces in tub and shower, install grab bars , keep clutter free environment |
| referred pain | sensing pain at actual or distant to site |
| what is nociceptionpain | observable activity in nervous system that allows people to detect pain |
| what are the 4 physiological processes of nociceptive pain | transduction, transmission, perception, modulation |
| transduction def | converts energy produced by noxious stimuli into electrical impulses (sends impulse) |
| transmission def | A delta fibers and C fibers (impulses carried by them to spinal cord and brain) |
| perception def | once pain reaches cerebral cortex, brain interprets quality of pain and processes info from past experiences |
| modulation def | person perceives harmful = neurons activating such as endorphins serotonin, norepinephrine to produce analgesic effect |
| what is neuropathic pain | pain caused by a lesion or disease of SNS |
| gate control theory | rubbing injured area closes gate reduces pain signal going to brain |
| small nerve fibers function in gate theory | when active, they open gate and feel pain |
| what is patient controlled analgesia | method of pain management (self administer opioids) with minimal risk of overdose, maintain constant plasma level of analgesic to avoid prob |
| what are 3 aspects to patient controlled analgesics | 2 nurses must check medication info, only patient can push button, monitor constantly for side effects |
| what is ischemia | decreased blood supply |
| what is atelectasis | collapse of alveoli |
| what is hypostatic pneumonia | inflammation of lung from stasis or pooling of secretions |
| cartilage is ... | nonvascular (no blood vessels) |
| to decrease surface area and reduce friction when patients are unable to assist use... | ergonomic assistive devices |
| when should you report o2 sat and is in immediate danger | <88% is dangerous, 90%< report |
| what is orthostatic hypotension def | drop of 20mmHg or diastolic by 10mmHg within rising |
| what is renal calculi | calcium stones that lodge in renal pelvis or pass through ureters |
| due to decreased fluid intake urine is ______ which _____ the risk for calculi ______ | concentrated, increases, formation |
| what are nursing interventions for atelectasis | incentive spirometer, TCDB, elevate HOB, change position every 2 hrs |
| how can you promote normal persistalsis and elimination | encourage early ambulation as illness begins to resolve |
| ascending colostomy describe | liquid stool, continuous drainage |
| sigmoid colostomy | most formed stool, irrigation regulation |
| ileostomy | liquid stool, cannot regulate |
| what stoma color is an emergency | black, pale, dusky |
| what ostomy procedure should you encourage fluid intake the most | ileostomy |
| cleansing enema (hypotonic) tap water | water goes to interstitial spaces to promote peristalsis |
| normal saline (isotonic) enema | volume of fluid encourages peristalsis |
| hypertonic solution (fleets) | viscosity thick, water moves promote peristalsis |
| soadsuds enema | intestinal irritant to stimulate peristalsis |
| carminative enema | relief from gas distention, helps with passing flatulence |
| ex of clear liquid diet | water, broth, juice, gelatin, popsicles, tea, coffee |
| where is the site of gas exchange structural | alveoli |
| what is perfusion | ability of CV system to pump oxygenated blood to tissues and return deoxygenated blood to lungs |
| what is simple diffusion | air enters lungs oxygen and co2 exchange |
| early signs of hypoxia | restlessness, anxiety , tachycardia, tachypnea |
| nasal cannula | 1-6L/min 24-44% |
| simple facemask | 6-12 L/min 35-50% |
| face mask | 6-12 L/min |
| venturi mask | 4-12L/min COPD 24-60% |
| partial rebreather mask | 10-15L/min 50-70% |
| non-rebreather mask | 10-15 L/min 60-90% |
| high-flow nasal cannula | 60L/min treats respiratory failure |
Created by:
shinykwon