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Cranium
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| number of cranial bones and facial bones | 22 total -- 8 cranial, 14 facial |
| cranial bones further subdivided into | calvaria - frontal, occipital, right parietal, left parietal floor - ethmoid, sphenoid, right temporal, left temporal |
| coronal suture | between frontal and parietal bones |
| sagittal suture | on top of head between two parietal bones |
| squamosal suture | between temporal bone and parietal bones |
| lambdoidal suture | between occipital and parietal bones |
| asterion | junction of occipital, parietal bone, and mastoid portion of temporal bone |
| bregma | junction of coronal and sagittal sutures |
| lambda | junction of lambdoidal and saggital sutures |
| pterion | junction of the parietal bone, squamous suture, and the greater wing of the sphenoid |
| infant cranium sutures and fontanels | six fontanels - anterior and posterior R and L sphenoid R and L mastoid |
| three regions of cranial floor | anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa |
| anterior cranial fossa | houses frontal lobes of cerebrum, extends from anterior frontal bone to lesser wings of sphenoid |
| middle cranial fossa | houses temporal lobes; extends from lesser wings of sphenoid to apices of petrous ridges |
| posterior cranial fossa | deep depression posterior to petrous ridges; protects cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| mesocephalic skull, re: skull morpohology | average - petrous pyramids at 47 degree angle from MSP brachycephalic skull - petrous pyramids at 54 degree angle from MSP dolichocephalic skull - petrous pyramids at 40 degree angle from MSP |
| brachycephalic skull, re: skull morphology | petrous pyramids at 54 degree angle from MSP, short and wide |
| dolichocephalic skull, re: skull morphology | petrous pyramids at 40 degree angle from MSP, long and narrow |
| frontal bone articulates with | right and left parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal bones, and zygoma |
| ethmoid bone located ___________ and forms ___________ | between orbits and forms part of anterior cranial fossa, nasal cavity, orbital walls, and bony nasal septum |
| horizontal portion of ethmoid bone is called | cribiform plate |
| ethmoid bone consists of what plates | horizontal plate, vertical plate, and two light spongy masses called labyrinths |
| crista galli is | conical projection at anterior midline of cribiform plate |
| perpendicular plate | vertical portion of ethmoid bone; forms superior portion of body, nasal septum |
| labyrinths contain | ethmoid sinuses or air cells |
| labryinths articulate with | frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and vomer |
| parietal eminence | prominent bulge near center of external surface of each bone, this is the point where the width of the skull should be measured to set technique |
| parietal bones articulate with each other at | the sagittal suture in MSP, the frontal, temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones |
| sphenoid bone consists of | body, two lesser wings, two greater wings, two pterygoid processes |
| sella turcica, re: sphenoid bone | deep depression on superior surface of body, houses pituatary gland, |
| dorsum sellae, re: sphenoid bone | posterior border of sella turcica |
| posterior clinoid processes | top borders of dorsum sellae |
| clivus | slanted area of bone posterior and inferior to dorsum |
| optic groove extends | across anterior portion of tuberculum sellae |
| pterygoids articulate with | palatine bones anteriorly, vomer as part of the nasal cavity |
| sphenoid articulates with | each of the other seven bones of the cranium and zygoma |
| three paired foramina situated on greater wings of sphenoid | rotundum, olave, spinosum |
| pretygoid processes arise from | lateral portions of inferior surface of body and medial portions of inferior surfaces of greater wings |
| four parts of occipital bone | squama, two occipital condyles, basilar portion |
| foramen magnum | large opening in cranium for medulla oblongata |
| external occipital protuberance | prominent process on squama also called inion |
| occipital condyles | project anteriorly from each side of squama |
| occipital bones articulate with | two parietals, two temporals, the sphenoid, and the atlas |
| the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones protect what lobes? | the lobes they're named after (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe) |
| sphenoid bone supports what? | the middle of the brain |
| ethmoid bone separates | the nasal cavity from the brain |
| temporal bones consist of | squamous portion, tympanic portion, styloid process, petromastoid portion |
| mandibular fossa or temporal bone | recieves condyle of mandible to form tempromandibular joint |
| squamous portion of temporal bone | thin, upper portion of temporal bone |
| zygomatic process | prominent arched process that projects anteriorly to articulate with zygoma |
| what forms the inferior posterior part of the temporal bone? | petromastoid portion |
| thickest and densest portion of cranium | petrous portion of temporal bones |
| paranasal sinuses | defined as the air-filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the cranium |
| functions of paranasal sinuses | serve as resonating chamber for the voice, decrease weight of skull, aid in warming and moisturizing inhaled air, act as shock absorbers in trauma |
| maxillary sinuses | air fluid levels visible, largest and most symmetric sinuses, paired |
| frontal sinuses | second largest sinuses, paired, located between vertical plates of frontal bone |
| sphenoid sinuses | occupy body of sphenoid bone often only one sinus occurs, but never more than two |
| ethmoid sinuses | located within lateral masses of labryinths composed of varying number of air cells, which are divided into three main groups, anterior, middle, posterior communicates with sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity |
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