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Chapter 14 Bio

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QuestionAnswer
RNA Single-stranded nucleic acids that contains the sugar ribose
Messenger RNA Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Ribosomal RNA type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Transfer RNA type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome burning protein synthesis
Transcription Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
RNA polymerase Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Promotor Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
intron sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
Exon Expressed sequenced of DNA; codes for a protein
Polypeptide Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
Genetic Code Collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
Codon Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated onto a protein
Translation Process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein
Anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecules that are complimentary to the three bases
Mutation Change in the genetic material of a cell
Point mutation Gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
Frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the "recording frame" of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Mutagen Chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation
Polyploidy Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Created by: barney&waffles
 

 



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