Question 1

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Accepted Answer

U.S. naval officer and author of *The Influence of Sea Power Upon History* who argued that strong naval power was key to national greatness and influenced American imperialism in the late 1800s.

Question 2

Queen Liliuokalani

Accepted Answer

Last monarch of Hawaii who was overthrown in 1893 by American planters, leading to U.S. annexation.

Question 3

Pan-American Conference

Accepted Answer

1889 meeting of Western Hemisphere nations organized by the U.S. to promote trade and cooperation.

Question 4

jingoism

Accepted Answer

Extreme nationalism favoring aggressive foreign policy and war.

Question 5

Cuban Revolt

Accepted Answer

1895 uprising of Cubans against Spanish rule that helped spark the Spanish-American War.

Question 6

Yellow Journalism

Accepted Answer

Sensationalized news reporting used by papers like those of William Randolph Hearst to push the U.S. toward war with Spain.

Question 7

De Lome letter

Accepted Answer

1898 letter from Spanish minister Enrique Dupuy de Lôme insulting President William McKinley, angering Americans.

Question 8

Teller Amendment

Accepted Answer

1898 law stating the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Question 9

Platt Amendment

Accepted Answer

1901 amendment allowing U.S. intervention in Cuba and granting a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Question 10

sphere of influence

Accepted Answer

Area in which a powerful nation has special economic or political privileges, especially in China.

Question 11

George Dewey

Accepted Answer

U.S. naval commander who defeated Spain at the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898.

Question 12

Emilio Aguinaldo

Accepted Answer

Filipino nationalist leader who fought against Spanish and later U.S. control of the Philippines.

Question 13

Rough Riders

Accepted Answer

Volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

Question 14

Hawaii

Accepted Answer

Pacific islands annexed by the U.S. in 1898 for strategic and economic reasons.

Question 15

Theodore Roosevelt

Accepted Answer

26th president known for the Square Deal, trust-busting, and building the Panama Canal.

Question 16

Open Door Policy

Accepted Answer

U.S. policy proposed by John Hay ensuring equal trade access in China.

Question 17

Boxer Rebellion

Accepted Answer

1900 Chinese uprising against foreign influence; suppressed by international forces including the U.S.

Question 18

Panama Canal

Accepted Answer

Canal completed in 1914 connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; supported by Roosevelt.

Question 19

William Howard Taft

Accepted Answer

27th president who promoted Dollar Diplomacy to expand U.S. influence through investment.

Question 20

Dollar Diplomacy

Accepted Answer

Taft’s policy encouraging U.S. financial investment abroad to extend influence.

Question 21

Roosevelt Corollary

Accepted Answer

1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. right to intervene in Latin America.

Question 22

Russo-Japanese War

Accepted Answer

1904–05 war mediated by Roosevelt; showed Japan as a world power.

Question 23

Puerto Rico

Accepted Answer

Island acquired by the U.S. after 1898; became a U.S. territory.

Question 24

Woodrow Wilson

Accepted Answer

28th president who led U.S. during WWI and proposed the Fourteen Points.

Question 25

Moral Diplomacy

Accepted Answer

Wilson’s foreign policy promoting democracy and moral principles abroad.

Question 26

Pragmatism

Accepted Answer

Philosophy (William James) that ideas are true if they work in practice.

Question 27

Ida Tarbell

Accepted Answer

Muckraker journalist who exposed Standard Oil’s practices.

Question 28

Jacob Riis

Accepted Answer

Photographer who revealed urban poverty in *How the Other Half Lives*.

Question 29

Muckrakers

Accepted Answer

Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems in the Progressive Era.

Question 30

Florence Kelley

Accepted Answer

Reformer who fought for child labor laws and women’s working rights.

Question 31

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

Accepted Answer

1911 factory fire in NYC that led to labor safety reforms.

Question 32

16th Amendment

Accepted Answer

Established federal income tax (1913).

Question 33

17th Amendment

Accepted Answer

Allowed direct election of U.S. senators (1913).

Question 34

18th Amendment

Accepted Answer

Established Prohibition of alcohol (1919).

Question 35

Square Deal

Accepted Answer

Roosevelt’s program of consumer protection, trust-busting, and conservation.

Question 36

Mann-Elkins Act

Accepted Answer

1910 law strengthening federal regulation of railroads.

Question 37

The Jungle Upton Sinclair

Accepted Answer

1906 novel by Upton Sinclair exposing meatpacking industry abuses.

Question 38

“Bull Moose” Party

Accepted Answer

Progressive Party formed by Roosevelt in 1912 after split with Republicans.

Question 39

Booker T Washington

Accepted Answer

African American leader advocating vocational education and gradual equality.

Question 40

W.E.B Du Bois

Accepted Answer

African American activist demanding immediate civil rights; co-founder of NAACP.

Question 41

NAACP

Accepted Answer

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; civil rights organization founded in 1909.

Question 42

Alice Paul

Accepted Answer

Women’s suffrage leader who pushed for the 19th Amendment.

Question 43

19th Amendment

Accepted Answer

Granted women the right to vote (1920).

Question 44

Lusitania

Accepted Answer

British ship sunk by Germany in 1915, increasing U.S. anger toward Germany.

Question 45

Preparedness

Accepted Answer

Movement urging U.S. military buildup before entering WWI.

Question 46

Zimmerman Telegram

Accepted Answer

1917 German message urging Mexico to ally against the U.S.; pushed U.S. into WWI.

Question 47

John J. Pershing

Accepted Answer

Commander of U.S. forces (AEF) in WWI.

Question 48

George Creel

Accepted Answer

Head of the Committee on Public Information promoting WWI propaganda.

Question 49

Bolsheviks

Accepted Answer

Russian communist group led by Vladimir Lenin that seized power in 1917.

Question 50

Fourteen Points

Accepted Answer

Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI emphasizing self-determination and League of Nations.

Question 51

League of Nations

Accepted Answer

International peace organization proposed by Wilson after WWI.

Question 52

Henry Cabot Lodge

Accepted Answer

Senator who opposed the League of Nations.

Question 53

self-determination

Accepted Answer

Right of nations to choose their own government.

Question 54

Reparations

Accepted Answer

Payments demanded from Germany after WWI for war damages.

Question 55

mobilization

Accepted Answer

Process of preparing troops and resources for war.

Question 56

Liberty Bonds

Accepted Answer

Government bonds sold to finance WWI.

Question 57

Spanish Flu

Accepted Answer

1918 influenza pandemic that killed millions worldwide.

Question 58

Schenck v United States

Accepted Answer

1919 Supreme Court case limiting free speech during wartime.

Question 59

Selective Service Act

Accepted Answer

1917 law creating draft for WWI.

Question 60

The Red Scare (1st)

Accepted Answer

Post-WWI fear of communism in the U.S.

Question 61

Palmer Raids

Accepted Answer

1919–20 arrests/deportations of suspected radicals led by A. Mitchell Palmer.

Question 62

Nativism

Accepted Answer

Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.

Question 63

Sacco & Vanzetti

Accepted Answer

Italian immigrants controversially executed in 1927 amid anti-immigrant fears.

Question 64

The Great Migration

Accepted Answer

Movement of African Americans from South to North for jobs (1910s–20s).

Term	Definition
Alfred Thayer Mahan	U.S. naval officer and author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History who argued that strong naval power was key to national greatness and influenced American imperialism in the late 1800s.
Queen Liliuokalani	Last monarch of Hawaii who was overthrown in 1893 by American planters, leading to U.S. annexation.
Pan-American Conference	1889 meeting of Western Hemisphere nations organized by the U.S. to promote trade and cooperation.
jingoism	Extreme nationalism favoring aggressive foreign policy and war.
Cuban Revolt	1895 uprising of Cubans against Spanish rule that helped spark the Spanish-American War.
Yellow Journalism	Sensationalized news reporting used by papers like those of William Randolph Hearst to push the U.S. toward war with Spain.
De Lome letter	1898 letter from Spanish minister Enrique Dupuy de Lôme insulting President William McKinley, angering Americans.
Teller Amendment	1898 law stating the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
Platt Amendment	1901 amendment allowing U.S. intervention in Cuba and granting a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
sphere of influence	Area in which a powerful nation has special economic or political privileges, especially in China.
George Dewey	U.S. naval commander who defeated Spain at the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898.
Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino nationalist leader who fought against Spanish and later U.S. control of the Philippines.
Rough Riders	Volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.
Hawaii	Pacific islands annexed by the U.S. in 1898 for strategic and economic reasons.
Theodore Roosevelt	26th president known for the Square Deal, trust-busting, and building the Panama Canal.
Open Door Policy	U.S. policy proposed by John Hay ensuring equal trade access in China.
Boxer Rebellion	1900 Chinese uprising against foreign influence; suppressed by international forces including the U.S.
Panama Canal	Canal completed in 1914 connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; supported by Roosevelt.
William Howard Taft	27th president who promoted Dollar Diplomacy to expand U.S. influence through investment.
Dollar Diplomacy	Taft’s policy encouraging U.S. financial investment abroad to extend influence.
Roosevelt Corollary	1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. right to intervene in Latin America.
Russo-Japanese War	1904–05 war mediated by Roosevelt; showed Japan as a world power.
Puerto Rico	Island acquired by the U.S. after 1898; became a U.S. territory.
Woodrow Wilson	28th president who led U.S. during WWI and proposed the Fourteen Points.
Moral Diplomacy	Wilson’s foreign policy promoting democracy and moral principles abroad.
Pragmatism	Philosophy (William James) that ideas are true if they work in practice.
Ida Tarbell	Muckraker journalist who exposed Standard Oil’s practices.
Jacob Riis	Photographer who revealed urban poverty in How the Other Half Lives.
Muckrakers	Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems in the Progressive Era.
Florence Kelley	Reformer who fought for child labor laws and women’s working rights.
Triangle Shirtwaist fire	1911 factory fire in NYC that led to labor safety reforms.
16th Amendment	Established federal income tax (1913).
17th Amendment	Allowed direct election of U.S. senators (1913).
18th Amendment	Established Prohibition of alcohol (1919).
Square Deal	Roosevelt’s program of consumer protection, trust-busting, and conservation.
Mann-Elkins Act	1910 law strengthening federal regulation of railroads.
The Jungle Upton Sinclair	1906 novel by Upton Sinclair exposing meatpacking industry abuses.
“Bull Moose” Party	Progressive Party formed by Roosevelt in 1912 after split with Republicans.
Booker T Washington	African American leader advocating vocational education and gradual equality.
W.E.B Du Bois	African American activist demanding immediate civil rights; co-founder of NAACP.
NAACP	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; civil rights organization founded in 1909.
Alice Paul	Women’s suffrage leader who pushed for the 19th Amendment.
19th Amendment	Granted women the right to vote (1920).
Lusitania	British ship sunk by Germany in 1915, increasing U.S. anger toward Germany.
Preparedness	Movement urging U.S. military buildup before entering WWI.
Zimmerman Telegram	1917 German message urging Mexico to ally against the U.S.; pushed U.S. into WWI.
John J. Pershing	Commander of U.S. forces (AEF) in WWI.
George Creel	Head of the Committee on Public Information promoting WWI propaganda.
Bolsheviks	Russian communist group led by Vladimir Lenin that seized power in 1917.
Fourteen Points	Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI emphasizing self-determination and League of Nations.
League of Nations	International peace organization proposed by Wilson after WWI.
Henry Cabot Lodge	Senator who opposed the League of Nations.
self-determination	Right of nations to choose their own government.
Reparations	Payments demanded from Germany after WWI for war damages.
mobilization	Process of preparing troops and resources for war.
Liberty Bonds	Government bonds sold to finance WWI.
Spanish Flu	1918 influenza pandemic that killed millions worldwide.
Schenck v United States	1919 Supreme Court case limiting free speech during wartime.
Selective Service Act	1917 law creating draft for WWI.
The Red Scare (1st)	Post-WWI fear of communism in the U.S.
Palmer Raids	1919–20 arrests/deportations of suspected radicals led by A. Mitchell Palmer.
Nativism	Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.
Sacco & Vanzetti	Italian immigrants controversially executed in 1927 amid anti-immigrant fears.
The Great Migration	Movement of African Americans from South to North for jobs (1910s–20s).
Fundamentalism	Religious movement insisting on literal Bible interpretation.
Traditionalism	Belief in maintaining established customs and values.
Henry Ford	Auto manufacturer who popularized mass production and affordable cars.
Assembly Line Process	Mass production method where workers perform specific tasks repeatedly.
Art Deco	1920s decorative art style emphasizing modern design.
Charles Lindbergh	Aviator who made first solo nonstop Atlantic flight in 1927.
Modernism	Movement embracing new ideas in art, science, and culture.
Scopes Trial	1925 trial over teaching evolution in Tennessee.
“Scarface” Al Capone	Chicago gangster who profited from bootlegging during Prohibition.
Margaret Sanger	Birth control activist who founded Planned Parenthood.
Harlem Renaissance	1920s cultural revival of African American arts in Harlem.
“Jazz Age”	Term for 1920s era of jazz music and cultural change.
Marcus Garvey	Black nationalist leader promoting pride and economic independence.
Warren G. Harding	29th president who promised “Return to Normalcy.”
“Return to Normalcy”	Harding’s call for stability after WWI.
Teapot Dome	Scandal involving secret leasing of federal oil reserves.
Calvin Coolidge	30th president favoring limited government and business growth.
Herbert Hoover	31st president during start of Great Depression.
Alfred E. Smith	Democratic candidate in 1928; first Catholic major-party nominee.
Great Depression	Severe economic downturn beginning in 1929.
Black Tuesday	October 29, 1929 stock market crash.
Federal Reserve	U.S. central banking system controlling money supply.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff	1930 law raising tariffs, worsening Depression.
Bonus Army/Bonus March	WWI veterans who marched in 1932 demanding early bonus payment.
RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)	Hoover agency giving loans to banks and businesses.
19th Amendment	Granted women’s suffrage in 1920.
Franklin D. Roosevelt	32nd president who created the New Deal.
21st Amendment	Repealed Prohibition (1933).
Three Rs	Relief, Recovery, Reform—goals of the New Deal.
First New Deal	Early FDR programs (1933–34) to combat Depression.
Fireside Chats	Radio talks by FDR explaining policies to the public.
New Deal Programs (AAA, PWA, CCC, TVA, NRA, SEC, FHA, CWA, WPA)	Agencies providing jobs, regulating industry, aiding farmers, and reforming finance.
FDIC	Federal agency insuring bank deposits.
Social Security Act	1935 law providing pensions and unemployment insurance.
Eleanor Roosevelt	First Lady who advocated for civil rights and social reform.
Huey P. Long	Louisiana senator who proposed Share-the-Wealth.
Father Charles E. Coughlin	Radio priest criticizing banks and New Deal policies.
Dr. Francis E. Townsend	Proposed old-age pension plan during Depression.
Share-the-Wealth Program	Long’s plan to redistribute wealth.
Second New Deal	Later FDR reforms (1935–38) expanding social welfare.
Court Reorganization Plan	FDR’s failed 1937 attempt to add Supreme Court justices.
Fair Labor Standards Act	1938 law setting minimum wage and maximum hours.
Dust Bowl	1930s drought causing severe dust storms in Great Plains.
Okies	Migrants from Dust Bowl states to California.
Indian Reorganization Act	1934 law restoring tribal self-government.
Kellogg-Briand Pact	1928 treaty renouncing war as national policy.
Dawes Plan	1924 plan restructuring German reparations payments.
Good Neighbor Policy	FDR policy improving relations with Latin America.
Fascism	Authoritarian nationalist political system.
Benito Mussolini	Fascist dictator of Italy.
Adolf Hitler	Leader of Nazi Germany.
Nazi Party	German fascist political party led by Hitler.
Isolationism	Policy of avoiding foreign alliances and conflicts.
Neutrality Acts	1930s laws keeping U.S. out of foreign wars.
America First Committee	Group opposing U.S. entry into WWII.
Francisco Franco	Spanish dictator after Spanish Civil War.
Winston Churchill	British Prime Minister during WWII.
Joseph Stalin	Leader of Soviet Union during WWII.
Blitzkrieg	German “lightning war” tactic using rapid attacks.
Cash and Carry	Policy allowing Allies to buy U.S. arms if they paid cash and transported them.
Lend-Lease Act	1941 law providing aid to Allies.
Pearl Harbor	Japanese attack on U.S. naval base in Hawaii (Dec 7, 1941).
War Production Board (WPB)	Agency overseeing wartime production.
Manhattan Project	Secret U.S. project developing atomic bomb.
Office of War Information	Agency managing WWII propaganda.
Women’s Army Corps	Women’s military unit in WWII.
Smith v. Allwright	1944 Supreme Court case banning white-only primaries.
Tuskegee Airmen	African American WWII fighter pilots.
Braceros	Mexican laborers brought to U.S. during WWII.
Korematsu v. U.S.	1944 case upholding Japanese internment.
“Rosie the Riveter”	Symbol of women working in wartime factories.
Dwight D. Eisenhower	Allied commander in Europe; later 34th president.
D-Day	June 6, 1944 Allied invasion of Normandy.
Battle of Midway	1942 naval battle turning point in Pacific War.
Island Hopping	Strategy of capturing key Pacific islands from Japan.
Kamikaze	Japanese suicide pilots attacking Allied ships.
Douglas MacArthur	U.S. general in Pacific; led Philippines campaign.
J. Robert Oppenheimer	Scientific leader of Manhattan Project.
Nagasaki & Hiroshima	Japanese cities destroyed by atomic bombs in 1945.
USS Missouri	Battleship where Japan formally surrendered (1945).
Harry S. Truman	33rd president who authorized atomic bomb use.
Casablanca Conference	1943 meeting planning Allied strategy and demanding Axis unconditional surrender.
Yalta Conference	1945 meeting of Allied leaders planning postwar Europe.
The United Nations	International organization formed in 1945 to promote peace.
Atomic weapons	Nuclear bombs developed during WWII with massive destructive power.
AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration)	Paid farmers to reduce crop production to raise farm prices.
PWA (Public Works Administration)	Funded large public construction projects to create jobs.
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)	Gave young men jobs working on conservation and environmental projects.
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)	Built dams and power plants to provide electricity and control flooding.
NRA (National Recovery Administration)	Set fair wages, prices, and work hours to stabilize businesses.
SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)	Regulated the stock market to prevent fraud and protect investors.
FHA (Federal Housing Administration)	Provided mortgage insurance to make buying homes more affordable.
CWA (Civil Works Administration)	Created short-term government jobs during the winter of 1933–34.
WPA (Works Progress Administration)	Created millions of jobs building roads, schools, parks, and supporting the arts.

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:

Period 7 APUSH vocab