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Ch 19 & 20

TermDefinition
Cardiovascular system heart & blood vessels Transports blood throughout the body • Delivery of O2, nutrients, hormones • Removal of CO2, wastes
Perfusion delivery of blood per time per gram of tissue • Adequate perfusion: sufficient delivery to maintain cell health • Requires continual pumping of the heart and open, healthy vessels
Arteries carry blood away from the heart • Most (not all) carry oxygenated blood
Veins carry blood back to the heart • Most (not all) carry deoxygenated blood
Capillaries sites of exchange (for example, of gases) • Between blood and air in lungs • Between blood and body cells
Great vessels arteries & veins entering & leaving heart
Heart center of cardiovascular system • Nonstop organ – beats ~75 times per minute • Continuously circulates blood • Connects to blood vessels that transport blood between heart & body tissues
Blood pressure the force of the blood pushing against the inside walls of blood vessel
Right side heart receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to lungs
Left side heart receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to body
Four chambers of the heart Left and Right Atria Left and RIght Ventricles
Atria Superior chambers - receive blood (enters heart) & send to ventricles
Ventricles Inferior chambers – receive blood from atria & pump blood away (out of heart)
Basic patterns of blood flow right heart → lungs → left heart → systemic tissues → right heart
Two circulatory routes Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation Starts with right side of heart pumping deoxygenated blood through pulmonary arteries to lungs • After oxygen pickup & carbon dioxide release, pulmonary veins carry blood to left side of heart
Systemic circulation Left side of the heart pumps oxygenate blood through systemic arteries to body’s cells • Nutrients, respiratory gases & wastes are exchanged, & systemic veins carry the blood back to right side of heart
Great vessels Transport blood to & from heart’s chambers
Superior vena cava & inferior vena cava Drain deoxygenated blood from body’s tissues – enters heart into right atrium
Pulmonary trunk Receives deoxygenated blood pumped from right ventricle (transports out of heart) to lungs (Splits into pulmonary arteries)
Pulmonary veins Drain oxygenated blood from lungs – enters heart into left atrium
Aorta Receives oxygenated blood pumped from left ventricle (transports out of heart) – distributed to systemic tissues
Atrioventricular (AV) valves Sit between atrium & ventricle of each side
Right AV valve tricuspid
Left RV valve bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar valve Sit at boundary of ventricle and arterial trunk
Pulmonary semilunar valve located between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk
Aortic semilunar valve located between left ventricle & aorta
Pericardium Heart enclosed within tough sac Restricts heart movements - moves only slightly within thorax
Fibrous pericardium Tough outer sac • connective tissue • anchors heart • prevents overfilling
Serous pericardium Composed of parietal and visceral pericardium • 2 continuous layers membrane • lubricates heart to prevent friction when heart pumps
Created by: kendyl_roberts
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