Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
resp meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Corticosteroid (nasal spray) meds | Budesonide (Rhinocort) Fluticasone (Flonase) Mometasone (Nasonex) Triamcinolone (Nasocort) |
| Corticosteroid action, side effects, care | Decrease inflammation, inhibits leukotrienes & interleukins, promote mucociliary action Used in allergic rhinitis, sinusitis Side effects: nasal irritation, mucosal drying, nosebleeds Teach: daily adherence, takes days to weeks for max effect |
| Mast cell stabilizer (nasal, neb) | Cromolyn (NasalCrom) Action Stabilize mast cells thereby decrease inflammation and bronchoconstriction Used in allergic rhinitis |
| Mast cell stabilizer (nasal, neb) considerations | Use caution with renal and hepatic impairment Side effects: HA, nasal irritation, sneezing, throat irritation, unpleasant taste, epistaxis Use bronchodilators 30 mins before cromolyn |
| LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST | Montelukast (Singulair) Action Leukotriene released in response to allergen which cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, & mucous production, this drug blocks this action Used in allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD |
| LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST considerations | May take 1 wk before therapeutic Side effect: HA, possible dizziness Monitor liver functions Not for acute asthma attacks |
| ANTIHISTAMINES | 1st Generation Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Chlorpheniramine 2nd Generation Loratadine (Claritin) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Fexofenadine (Allegra) Azelastine (Astelin) nasal spray |
| ANTIHISTAMINES action | Block or inhibit histamine at receptors but not production Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, decreased secretions, reduce itching Used in many disorders (allergic rhinitis, allergic reactions, COPD, asthma) |
| ANTIHISTAMINES considerations | Side effects: CNS depression (drowsiness) or stimulation (anxiety/paradoxical excitement) in 1st generation, anticholinergic effects Oral admin onset 15-60 mins Avoid other CNS depressants Adverse effects: Seizures, dysrhythmias, allergy skin te |
| Decongestants (nasal or oral) | Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) Oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
| Decongestants (nasal or oral) action | Shrink swollen nasal mucous membranes, sympathomimetics cause vasoconstriction = dec. blood flow = dec. swelling Used in allergic rhinitis, pharyngitis, nasal congestion |
| Decongestants (nasal or oral) considerations | Contraindicated in HTN & CAD Side effects: nasal irritation/dryness, rebound congestion, nervousness, tremors, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension Nasal for 3 days then switch to oral Avoid caffeine and increase fluid intake |
| Expectorants | Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex) Action Reduces viscosity of secretions Used in upper resp disorders, cough, asthma, pneumonia, COPD, CF |
| Expectorants considerations | Caution in elderly and respiratory insufficiency Side effects: GI upset, dizziness Increase fluid intake Must cough effectively to work |
| Antitussives (oral tab/liquid) | Benzonatate (Tessalon) Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM) Guaifenesin w/ Codeine (opioid) Action Suppress cough reflex through CNS suppression (opiod) or without (non-opiod) |
| Antitussives considerations | Opioid: respiratory depression, addiction, contraindicated in liver or renal disease, seizures Nonopioid: Dextromethorphan contraindicated in asthma & emphysema Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dysuria |
| MUCOLYTICS | Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Action Liquefy respiratory secretions, treat acetaminophen overdose Nursing Considerations Not commonly used Max effect in 5-10 mins Side effect: bronchospasm, oral irritation, HA Foul smell |
| BRONCHODILATORS | Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) short acting Levalbuterol (Xopenex) short acting Salmeterol (Serevent) long acting |
| BRONCHODILATORS action | Stimulate beta2 adrenergic receptors causing bronchodilation Used in asthma, COPD |
| BRONCHODILATOR considerations | Side Effects: tachycardia, nausea, anxiety, tremors, insomnia, restlessness, anorexia Watch for hypokalemia & hyperglycemia Administer properly & teach patient Bronchodilator before corticosteroid Rinse mouth out after admin |
| Anticholinergics | Ipratropium (Atrovent) short acting Tiotropium (Spiriva) long acting Action Blocks action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscles |
| Anticholinergics considerations | Approved for COPD, severe asthma attacks Used cautiously in pts with glaucoma or prostate enlargement Side effects: Dry oral membranes, cough, urinary retention, temporary blurred vision with eye contact |
| METHYLXANTHINES | Aminophylline Theophylline Action Inhibit phosphodiesterase = inc cAMP = bronchodilation Used in chronic conditions: COPD, asthma |
| METHYLXANTHINES considerations | Watch for toxicity: restlessness, insomnia, irritable, tremors, N/V, seizures High incidence of drug interaction and side effects Side effects: nausea, headache, insomnia, GI distress, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures Avoid caffeine |
| SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS (ORAL, IM, IV) | Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Prednisone Action Steroid hormone that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity Used in asthma, COPD, pneumonia |
| SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS considerations | Give with food to minimize GI side effects Glucose monitoring Side effects: euphoria, headache, psychosis, insomnia, edema, delayed wound healing, osteoporosis, bone fractures, hyperglycemia |
| PNEUMONIA VACCINE who should get it | Age ≥65 Age 2-64 with chronic health problems or dec immunity Age 19-64 who smoke or have asthma |
| PNEUMONIA VACCINE effects | Prevnar13, Pneumovax23 (IM) Side effects: pain, redness, and swelling at injection site, mild fever, fatigue, headache, chills, or muscle pain |
| FLU VACCINE | Trivalent or Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IM) Injection, approved for >6months of age Do NOT give: Previous serious allergy or reaction to flu vaccine Allergy to chicken or egg products Side effects: site reaction |
| Live attenuated influenza vaccine (nasal spray) | Nasal spray Approved for healthy people ages 2-49 Side effects: runny nose, congestion |
| INFLUENZA MEDICATIONS | Antivirals -vir Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Zanamivir (Relenza) Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) |
| INFLUENZA considerations | Watch liver & kidney function Increase fluid intake Side effect: dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, mood/mental changes Do not give Xofluza with dairy or calcium |
| ANTIBIOTICS | Penicillins (beta-lactams) -cillin Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) Penicillin G Penicillin V Pipercillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) |
| ANTIBIOTICS considerations | Assess allergies Thick IM preparation Decreased efficacy of birth control pills Take on empty stomach Side/adverse effect: GI upset, diarrhea, hypo/hyperkalemia, blood dyscrasias |
| ANTIBIOTICS Macrolides | Azithromycin (Zithromax) Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Clindamycin (Cleocin |
| ANTIBIOTICS Macrolides considerations | Take on empty stomach Watch liver dysfunction & renal dysfunction Increase protein for therapeutic efficacy Watch for ototoxicity: dizzy, vertigo, tinnitus |
| ANTIBIOTICS Fluoroquinolones | Moxifloxacin (Avelox) Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) |
| ANTIBIOTICS Fluoroquinolones considerations | Give 2 hours from antacids, iron, and zinc, or sucralfate Increase protein, Change positions slow : HA, lethargy, fatigue, restlessness, elevated liver enzymes, photosensitivity Teach: protection from sun and reporting unusual joint or muscle pain |
| ANTIBIOTICS Cephalosporins | Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Cefazolin (Ancef) Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Cephalexin (Keflex) |
| ANTIBIOTICS Cephalosporins considerations | Cross sensitivity to PCNs Monitor renal function Give 2 hours from iron Deep IM May take with food Watch inc. PT/INR Inc. fluids and protein Avoid alcohol |
| ANTIBIOTICS Carbapenems | Imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin) Meropenem (Merrem) Ertapenem (Invanz) |
| ANTIBIOTICS Carbapenems considerations | Watch for seizures Monitor renal, hepatic, neuro- toxicities Deep IM |
| ANTIBIOTICS Aminoglycosides | Gentamycin Neomycin Nephro-, Neuro-, Ototoxicities Monitor peak and trough May be taken with food if GI upset treat severe aerobic Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as sepsis and endocarditis, by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis |
| Glycopeptide | Vancomycin treat infections in many different parts of the body (bone infections, infective endocarditis, lower respiratory tract infection Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic Monitor peak and trough IV: risk for phlebitis, central line preferred Sid |
| TUBERCULOSIS MEDICATIONS | Antituberculins Rifampin Isoniazid (INH) |
| TUBERCULOSIS MEDICATIONS considerations | Monitor liver function Hepato, nephro, ototoxicity NO alcohol: inc risk for hepatitis Encourage B vitamins Must take full course Rifampin: discolor urine, tears, saliva, stains clothing INH: take 1 hr before meals |
Created by:
cwehner125