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Joe Hudson 3.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Greenhouse gases | Gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat and warm the planet. They allow sunlight in but slow the escape of heat back into space. |
| Greenhouse effect | The natural process where greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, keeping Earth warm enough to support life. |
| Climate | The long-term average pattern of weather (such as temperature and precipitation) in a particular area over many years. |
| Human | A person; in climate science, humans are important because many of our activities affect greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Absorption of heat | The process of taking in heat energy. Greenhouse gases absorb heat and keep it in the atmosphere. |
| Atmospheric heating | The warming of Earth’s atmosphere caused by the absorption and trapping of heat energy. |
| Water vapor (H₂O) | The gaseous form of water and the most abundant greenhouse gas; it increases as temperature rises. |
| Carbon dioxide (CO₂) | A greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels, respiration, and natural forest fires; it is a major contributor to climate change. |
| Methane (CH₄) | A powerful greenhouse gas released from agriculture practices, landfills, and natural sources; it traps more heat than CO₂ over a shorter time. |
| Nitrous oxide (N₂O) | A greenhouse gas produced by agriculture practices, burning fossil fuels, and industrial activities; it traps heat in the atmosphere. |
| Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) | Human-made gases once used mainly in refrigerants and air conditioners; they can trap heat and also damage the ozone layer. |
| Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | Human-made greenhouse gases used as refrigerants; they do not harm the ozone layer but are strong heat-trapping gases. |
| Ozone (O₃) | A gas made of three oxygen atoms; high in the atmosphere it protects Earth from harmful UV radiation, but near the surface it acts as a greenhouse gas and pollutant. |
| Burning fossil fuels | The process of burning coal, oil, or natural gas for energy, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. |
| Refrigerant | A chemical substance used in cooling systems like air conditioners and refrigerators; some refrigerants are powerful greenhouse gases. |
| Respiration | The process by which living organisms breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide as they produce energy. |
| Natural forest fires | Fires that occur naturally (for example, from lightning) and release carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. |
| Emissions | Gases or particles released into the air from natural processes or human activities. |
| Temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is; in climate science, it refers to long-term patterns of heat in an area. |
| Precipitation | Any form of water that falls from clouds, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| Agriculture practices | Farming methods used to grow crops and raise animals; some practices release methane and nitrous oxide. |
| Volcanic eruptions | Natural explosions from volcanoes that release ash, gases, and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. |
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