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chapter 6
integumentary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epithelial membranes | -epithelial tissue with underlying layer of connective tissue -cutaneous membrane- skin |
| connective tissue membranes | -made of many different types of connective tissue -do not contain epithelial components -produces lubricant " synovial fluid" |
| serous membrane | simple squamous epithelium above connective tissue |
| parietal layer | lines walls of body cavities |
| visceral layer | covers organs in body cavities |
| pleura | parietal + visceral lines walls of thoracic cavity and covers lungs |
| perioneum | parietal and visceral lines walls of abdominal cavity and organs in it |
| pleurisy | inflammation of pleura |
| peritonitis | inflammation of perioneum |
| mucous membranes | - lines body surfaces that open directly to exterior - produces mucus to keep membranes soft + moist |
| example of synovial fluid | synovial membranes in spaces between joints and in lining of bursa sacs |
| skin | - largest organ |
| structure of skin | epidermis - skin pigment dermal-epidermal junction dermis - papillary layer -reticular layer subcutaneous tissue- injections |
| epidermis | thinnest layer of skin, many layers of stratifies squamous epithelium, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum |
| stratum germinativum | innermost layer of cells that continually reproduce new cells move to surface and cells are filled w/ keratin when moving to surface |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of keratin filled cells |
| skin pigment | deepest epidermal layer and responsible for skin pigment |
| melanin | brown pigment: melanin is produced of specialized cells |
| blisters | caused by breakdown of union between cells or primary skin layers |
| dermal-epidermal junction | -specialized area between 2 skin layers -deeper cells are really packed together |
| dermal papillae | small bumps that help stabalize |
| dermis pt. 1 | -deeper and thicker of the 2 primary skin layers- made largely of connective tissue -upper papillary layer of dermis characterized by dermal papillae -ridges and grooves in dermis make unique pattern ( fingerprint ) |
| dermis pt. 2 | deeper reticular layer of dermis thats filled w/ tough interlacing, collagenous and strechable elastic fibers - also contains nerve endings, mustle fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, and many blood vessels |
| true or false- elastic fiber number decreases with age and creates wrinkles | true |
| accessory skin organs | -hair -nails - skin receptors |
| languo | soft hair on newborns and fetus |
| hair follicle | epidermal tube-like structure that hair needs to grow |
| hair papilla | where hair growth begins |
| hair root | lies hidden in follicle |
| hair shaft | visible part of hair |
| arrector pili | specialized smooth mustle that produces " goose bumps " and causes hair to stand up straight |
| nails | produced by epidermal cells over terminal ends of fingers and toes and may change color due to blood flow |
| nail body | visible part |
| nail root | lies in a groove and is hidden by cuticle |
| lunula | crescent shaped area nearest root |
| skin receptors | has specialized nerve endings so skin can be sense organ |
| lamellar corpuscle ( pacini corpuscle ) | detects pressure |
| tactile corpuscle ( meissner corpuscle ) | detects light touch |
| sebaceous glands | -secrete oil for hair and skin -grows where hair grows -tiny ducts open into hair follicles -sebum secretion increases during adolescence |
| sweat/ sudoriferous glands | eccrine and apocrine sweat glands |
| eccrine glands | -most numerous, important sweat glands -produces sweat and flows out through pores onto skin surface -assists in body heat regulation |
| apocrine sweat glands | -found in armpit -larger than eccrine glands -thicker secretion |
| functions of skin | protection, temp regulation, sense organ activity, excretion, synthesis of vitamin D |
| squamous cell carcinoma | -common type of skin cancer -slow growing - leisons begin as raised, hard painless nodules |
| basal cell carcinoma | -most common type of skin cancer -originates in base of epidermis ( often upper face ) -leisons begin as small raised bumps that crust over and erode -less likely to grow |
| malignant melanoma | - most serious form of skin cancer -may develop from benign, pigmented moles or excess uv rays |
| kaposi sarcoma ( ks ) | -caused by kaposi sarcoma- association herpes virus ( kshv ) -purple papules on skin surface and spreads internally |
| 1st degree burn | only surface layers of skin ( ex. sunburns ) |
| 2nd degree burn | deeper epidermal layers |
| 3rd degree burns | complete destruction of epidermis and may involve muscle or bone |
| 4th degree burns | below subcutaneous tissue and reaches muscle or bone and may require amputation or grafting |
| warning signs of malignant melanoma | -irregular -no border -black -evolving -unknown diameter |
| pallor | loss of color ( anemic, shock ) |
| conjuctiva | eye/ waterline |
| jondas | yellowness ( liver failure ) |
| model | uneven blue/purple discoloration ( eskemia: end of life ) |
| scienocis | blue ( hypoxia, not enough o2 ) |
| adema | swelling, mostly of lower legs |
Created by:
b.marshall