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BIOL 1102 Exam One
Feb 4 - Speciation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the morphological species concept? | members of species look alike and share physical traits that are unique to that species |
| What is the lineage species concept/phylogenetic species concept? | species as branches on the tree of life |
| What is the biological species concept? | groups of actually/potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
| What thing is classified by morphological species concept? | fossils |
| What cannot be observed in fossils? | genetic, behavioral, or reproductive behaviors |
| What is a limitation to the morphological species? | members of species look alike and share physical traits |
| What is sexual dimorphism? | female and males of the same species look different from one another |
| When does lineage species concept work the best to describe species? | for organisms without sexual reproduction such as bacteria |
| Where doesn't the biological species concept apply for? | asexual organisms because they don't interbreed! |
| What is speciation? | one species splits into two |
| What can prevent speciation? | gene flow makes the population genetically similar and keeps them from becoming reproductively isolated |
| What does speciation require? | isolation and genetic divergence |
| What does speciation mean in the context of biological species concept? | defined as the evolution of reproductive isolation within a population whose members formerly exchanged genes (gene flow) |
| What is allopatric speciation? | genetic isolation involving geographic barriers, also known as geographic speciation |
| What is sympatric speciation? | genetic isolation without geographic barriers |
| What is dispersal? | movement of individuals from one place to another |
| What is vicariance? | the physical splitting of a habitat |
| In what way is allopatric speciation thought to be dominant as? | dominant mode of speciation in most groups of sexually reproducing organisms |
| How does sympatric speciation occur? | subpopulations somehow form in the SAME AREA and diverge such that gene flow between them CEASES, even though interbreeding is not prevented by geography |
| What is polyploidy? | condition in which a cell/organism has an extra set or sets of chromosomes |
| What is autopolyploidy? | when a single plant has an error in meiosis that results in an entire extra set of chromosomes |
| What is allopolyploidy? | when individuals of two different species with different numbers of chromosomes reproduce to form a viable offspring |
| What can polyploidy cause? | reproductive isolation |
| What are the four types of prezygotic isolating barriers? | behavioral isolation, temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, and gametic isolation |
| What is behavioral isolation? | individuals reject or fail to recognize potential mating partners based on courtship rituals or mating signals |
| What is temporal isolation? | when species that could interbreed do not because the different species breed at different times |
| What is mechanical isolation? | differences in size, shape, position of reproductive organs make mating impossible |
| What is gametic isolation? | sperm and egg fail to fuse - ex. sea urchins |
| What are three types of postzygotic isolating barriers | hybrid inviability, hybrid infertility, hybrid breakdown |
| What is hybrid inviability? | zygotes or adults have low survival rates, zygotes divide but embryo miscarries or is stillborn |
| What is hybrid infertlity? | offspring are infertile - ex. mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse |
| What is hybrid breakdown? | F1 hybrids are okay, but F2 and later generations of a cross are inviable/infertile |
Created by:
goldengalleon