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structure dna crhom

QuestionAnswer
What molecule was indicated as the "transforming principle" in the Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod experiment? DNA
What was the continued criticism with the Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod experiment? protein contamination of DNA
Which of the following make up the basic structure of a DNA nucleotide? Select all that apply. phosphate groups nitrogenous base deoxyribose sugar
What does Chargaff's Rule state? % adenine = % thymine and % cytosine = % guanine
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromosomes while prokaryotic DNA is packaged into a chromosome. multiple singular
The function of chromosomes is to carry the functional unit of heredity, called _____. genes
origin of replication where DNA replication begins
telomeres protective caps marking the ends of chromosomes
centromeres allow duplicated chromosomes to be separated during M-phase
Chromosomes are randomly located in the nucleus. False
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and ___. protein
are the fundamental organizing unit of DNA. They are composed of and proteins Nucleosomes DNA histone
By mass, a chromosomes is mostly DNA. False
What histone protein is involved with pulling adjacent nucleosomes together, forming loops of DNA as part of chromatin packing. H1
The nucleosome core particle is composed of the following (select all that apply): H2A proteins H2B proteins H3 proteins H4 proteins 147bp length of DNA
In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, where are the nitrogenous bases located? On the inside of the helix
What percentage of the human genome does chromosome 22 represent? 1.5%
Which type of chromatin is darkly staining and tightly packed, making it generally inaccessible for transcription? Heterochromatin
What is the fundamental organizing unit of chromatin? Nucleosome
How many histone proteins form the core octamer of a nucleosome? 8
Why do histone proteins have high amounts of the amino acids lysine and arginine? These amino acids are positively charged and attract the negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone
Approximately how many base pairs of DNA wrap around a histone octamer to form one nucleosome? 147
What is the function of the unstructured N-terminal tails on histone proteins? They can be chemically modified to regulate how condensed or accessible the DNA is
What role does H1 histone play in chromosome packing? It pulls nucleosomes together to form more compact chromatin
What is a mitotic chromosome composed of? Two identical sister chromatids
In Griffith's transformation experiment, what happened when heat-killed smooth (S) bacteria were mixed with live rough (R) bacteria and injected into mice? The mice died because the rough bacteria transformed into smooth bacteria
What is the constricted region on a mitotic chromosome where sister chromatids are held together? Centromere
What is a karyotype? The full set of chromosomes from an organism
What is the primary function of the nucleolus? Ribosome synthesis
What is the significance of chromosome territories in the interphase nucleus? Each chromosome occupies a distinct location, allowing areas of gene activity to be associated with each other
What did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod conclude was the "transforming principle" in their 1944 experiment? DNA
Why was Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod's conclusion that DNA was the genetic material initially not widely accepted? Critics suggested there might be protein contamination in the DNA samples
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what did the radioactive phosphorus (P-32) label? DNA of the bacteriophage
According to Chargaff's Rules, if a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of thymine should it contain? 30%
What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to produce "Photo 51," which was crucial for determining DNA structure? X-ray crystallography
How many base pairs are there in one complete turn of the DNA double helix? 10
What does it mean that the two strands of DNA are "antiparallel"? They run in opposite directions (one 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5')
Created by: user-1927187
 



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