Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell; water leaves the cell.

A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell; water enters the cell.

A solution with equal solute concentration as the cell; no net water movement.

Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.

Concentration Gradient

Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

Telemedicine / Telehealth

Delivery of healthcare services remotely using technology (video calls, apps, monitoring devices).

Chemical messengers released by glands that regulate body functions.

All chemical reactions in the body that maintain life.

Cellular Respiration Equation

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)

Substances that start a chemical reaction.

Substances formed from a chemical reaction.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Main energy molecule used by cells

A disorder where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose levels.

Autoimmune condition where the pancreas makes little or no insulin.

Condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough.

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy.

Condition where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.

Organic Macromolecules / Biomolecules

Large carbon-based molecules essential for life

Sugars and starches that provide quick energy.

Molecules made of amino acids that build and repair tissues.

Fats and oils used for energy storage and insulation

DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.

Hormone that lowers blood glucose by helping cells absorb glucose.

Simple sugar that serves as the body’s main energy source.

Hormone that raises blood glucose levels.

Negative Feedback Loop

A response that reverses a change to maintain balance.

Positive Feedback Loop

A response that amplifies or increases a change

Blood Glucose Meter (Glucometer)

Device that measures blood sugar levels.

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

Device that tracks glucose levels in real time throughout the day.

Wearable device that delivers insulin continuously.

Organ that produces insulin and glucagon.

Pancreatic cell that produces glucagon.

Pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

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2.1.5 vocab

Question	Answer
osmosis	Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Hypertonic	A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell; water leaves the cell.
Hypotonic	A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell; water enters the cell.
Isotonic	A solution with equal solute concentration as the cell; no net water movement.
Diffusion	Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
Concentration Gradient	Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.
Telemedicine / Telehealth	Delivery of healthcare services remotely using technology (video calls, apps, monitoring devices).
Hormones	Chemical messengers released by glands that regulate body functions.
Metabolism	All chemical reactions in the body that maintain life.
Cellular Respiration Equation	C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)
Reactant(s)	Substances that start a chemical reaction.
Product(s)	Substances formed from a chemical reaction.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)	Main energy molecule used by cells
Diabetes Mellitus	A disorder where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose levels.
Type 1 Diabetes	Autoimmune condition where the pancreas makes little or no insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes	Condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough.
Gestational Diabetes	Diabetes that develops during pregnancy.
Hyperglycemia	High blood glucose levels.
Hypoglycemia	Low blood glucose levels.
Autoimmune Disorder	Condition where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.
Organic Macromolecules / Biomolecules	Large carbon-based molecules essential for life
Carbohydrates	Sugars and starches that provide quick energy.
Proteins	Molecules made of amino acids that build and repair tissues.
Lipids	Fats and oils used for energy storage and insulation
Nucleic Acids	DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.
Insulin	Hormone that lowers blood glucose by helping cells absorb glucose.
Glucose	Simple sugar that serves as the body’s main energy source.
Glucagon	Hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
Negative Feedback Loop	A response that reverses a change to maintain balance.
Positive Feedback Loop	A response that amplifies or increases a change
Blood Glucose Meter (Glucometer)	Device that measures blood sugar levels.
Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)	Device that tracks glucose levels in real time throughout the day.
Insulin Pump	Wearable device that delivers insulin continuously.
Pancreas	Organ that produces insulin and glucagon.
Alpha Cell	Pancreatic cell that produces glucagon.
Beta Cells	Pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Created by: user-2003670

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