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Topic 6
Structure and function of sketal muslces
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is cytoplasm known as in muscles | Sarcoplasm |
| What are myofibrils | These are made up of 2 types of proteins myosin and actin that form a saromere |
| How does the sliding filament theory started | When an action potential reaches a muscle it stimulates a response |
| Calcium ions enter causing the protein tropomyosin to block binding sites for myosin head of actin to move and uncover the binding sites | |
| Whilst ADP is attached to the myosin head it can bind to the binding site on the actin to form a cross bridge | |
| The angle created in this cross bridge creates tension and as a result the actin fillament is pulled and slides along the myosin. In doing so the ADP molecules is released | |
| An ATP molecule then can bind to the myosin head causing it to change shape slightly and as a result it detaches from actin | |
| Within sarcoplasm there is the enzyme ATPase which is activated by the calcium ions to hydrolyse the ATP on the myosin head to ADP and releases enough energy for the myosin head to return to its original postion | |
| The enitre process repeats continually whilst the calcium ions remain hair and therefore whilst the muscle remains stimulated by the nervous system | |
| Active muscles require a | High concentration of ATP |
| In times when aerobic respiration cannot create enough ATP to meet this demand anaerobic respiration. | The chemical phosphocreatine which is stored in muscles assists this by providing phosphate to regenerate ATP from ADP |
| Slow twitch muscle fibres | Structure- contain a large store of myoglobin a rich blood supply and many mitochondria Location- calf muslces General properties- Contract slower and respire aerobically for longer periods of time due to rich blood supply and myoglobin oxygen store. |
| Fast twitch muscle fibres | Structure- Thicker and more myosin fillaments a large store of glycogen a store of phosphocreatine to help ATP from ADP and a high concentration of enzymes involved in areobic respiration Location- Bicpeps |
| General properties contract faster to provide short burst of powerful contractions These are adapted for intense exercises such as sprinting or weight lifting |
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yHya