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earthquakes
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere, usually due to the abrupt slipping of rock masses along a fault plane |
| fault | a fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth's crust across which there has been significant displacement of rock masses. |
| seismic wave | vibrations of elastic energy that travel through the Earth's interior or along its surface, typically generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or explosions. |
| focus | the specific point where waves—such as light, sound, or seismic energy—converge, meet, or diverge after reflection or refraction |
| epicenter | Epicenter - Easy ScienceThe epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), which is the subterranean origin point of an earthquake. |
| Volcano | a vent, rupture, or opening in a planet's crust—primarily Earth's—that allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. |
| hot spot | a stationary, exceptionally hot region deep within the Earth's mantle that produces a plume of magma, causing volcanic activity on the crust above. |
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