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earthquakes volcano
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquak | earthquake is the sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere, usually due to the abrupt slipping of rock masses along a fault plane |
| fault | a defect, flaw, or imperfection in something or someone, responsibility for a failure or wrongdoing, an error in a system or game (like tennis), or in geology, a fracture in the Earth's crust where rock layers shift, often causing earthquakes |
| seismic wave | Seismic waves are vibrations that transmit energy through the Earth’s interior or along its surface, generated by sudden movements like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, landslides, or explosions |
| focus | the specific point where waves—such as light, sound, or seismic energy—converge, meet, or diverge after reflection or refraction |
| epicenter | The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), which is the subterranean origin point of an earthquake. Located using seismic data, it represents the geographic coordinates where seismic waves first |
| volcano | a vent, rupture, or opening in a planet's crust—primarily Earth's—that allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface |
| hot spot | a stationary, exceptionally hot plume of magma rising from deep within the Earth's mantle, which melts through the tectonic plate above to form volcanoes |
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