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earthquakes volcanos
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | the sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere, usually due to the abrupt slipping of rock masses along a fault plane |
| fault | a fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth's crust across which there has been significant displacement of rock masses |
| seismic wave | vibrations of energy caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, or large explosions |
| focus | involves concentrating energy—acoustic, electromagnetic, or optical—onto a specific, localized target |
| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's hypocenter (or focus), where the rupture begins |
| volcano | a geological feature consisting of a rupture or vent in the Earth's crust that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface |
| hot spot | a fixed, intensely hot plume of magma rising from deep within the Earth's mantle, independent of tectonic plate boundaries |