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volcano/earthquake
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fault | a fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth’s crust along which two blocks of rock have moved relative to each other. |
| seismic wave | vibrations of energy caused by the sudden rupture of rock within the Earth, typically along a fault, which propagate through the Earth's interior or along its surface. |
| focus | the exact point within the Earth's crust where an earthquake rupture initiates and seismic waves begin to propagate. |
| epicenter | The epicenter is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter |
| volcano | the sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activity. |
| hot spot | a stationary, exceptionally hot region in the Earth's mantle—fueled by a deep mantle plume—that rises to melt the crust and create volcanic activity, often far from tectonic plate boundaries. |