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volcano
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| volcano | an opening, vent, or fissure in a planet's or moon's crust that allows molten rock (magma), ash, and gases to escape from below the surface, often building a mountain or hill |
| epicenter | the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake |
| hot spot | a stationary, exceptionally hot region deep within the Earth's mantle that produces plumes of magma, causing volcanic activity independent of tectonic plate boundaries |
| earthquake | a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
| focus | the specific point where waves—such as light, sound, or seismic energy—converge, meet, or diverge after reflection or refraction |
| seismic wave | vibrations of energy caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, or large explosions |