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cell parts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organelles | the general name of tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell |
| Cell Membrane | controls which substances pass into and out of a cell. |
| Nuclear Membrane | the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell. Also called the nuclear envelope. **Not in the textbook** |
| Nucleolus | small round structure in the nucleus where ribosomes are made. |
| Chromatin | thin strands of material that fill the nucleus, contains information for directing the cells function. |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell, directs all of the cells activities. |
| Ribosomes | small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like substance that fills all the open areas in the cell. |
| Mitochondria | Rod-shaped structures that convert energy from food into energy for the cell, nicknamed the “powerhouse” |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The ER forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
| Golgi apparatus | receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell wall. |
| Vacuole | stores water, food, and other materials needed by the cell, they can also carry waste products until it is removed. |
| Chloroplasts | captures energy from the sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use in making food. |
| Lysosomes | Contains substances that break down large food particles into smaller ones. |
| Element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
| Compounds | when 2 or more elements chemically combine. |
| Compounds that cells need: | A: Organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon. B: Inorganic compounds: water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon. |
| Carbohydrates | energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread. |
| Lipids | Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods. |
| Proteins | large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans. |
| Enzymes | a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things. |
| Nucleic Acids | Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contains instructions that carry out all the functions of life. |
| DNA | The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule |
| Water in cells: | A. Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells B. Water helps cells keep their shape. C. Water helps cells maintain their temperature D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them |
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