Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ch. 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| central dogma of molecular biology | DNA is found in chromosomes. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes always remain in the nucleus, but proteins are made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. How do the instructions in DNA get to the site of protein synthesis outside the nucleus? Another type of nuc |
| Chargaff's rules | Chargaff found that concentrations of the four bases differed from one species to another. However, within each species, the concentration of adenine was always about the same as the concentration of thymine. The same was true of the concentrations of g |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm. |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) helps form ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins. |
| codon | The letters are combined in groups of three to form code “words,” called codons. Each codon stands for (encodes) one amino acid, unless it codes for a start or stop signal. There are 20 common amino acids in proteins. There are 64 possible codons, more |
| genetic code | The genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases—A, C, G, T (or U)—in a polynucleotide chain. The four bases make up the “letters” of the genetic code. |
| promoter | The letters are combined in groups of three to form code “words,” called codons. Each codon stands for (encodes) one amino acid, unless it codes for a start or stop signal. There are 20 common amino acids in proteins. There are 64 possible codons, more |
| protein synthesis | The process in which cells make proteins is called protein synthesis. It actually consists of two processes: transcrip- tion and translation. |
| transcription | Transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA. It is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. |
| translation | RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. |
| chromosomal alteration | Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. They occur when a section of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins incorrectly or does not rejoin at all. |
| frameshift mutation | A frameshift mutation is a deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the base sequence. Deletions remove nucleotides, and insertions add nucleotides. |
| genetic disorder | A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. A human example is cystic fibrosis. |
| germline mutation | Germline mutations occur in gametes. These mutations are especially significant because they can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation. |
| mutagen | A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation. |
| mutation | A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation. |
| point mutation | A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation. |
| somatic mutation | Somatic mutations occur in other cells of the body. These mutations may have little effect on the organism because they are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells. Somatic mutations cannot be passed on to offspring. |
Created by:
alvarlia