Small brain gland that releases melatonin and controls sleep–wake cycles.

Brain region that links the nervous and endocrine systems; controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis.

“Master gland” that releases hormones controlling other endocrine glands.

Neck gland that regulates metabolism, energy use, and growth.

Gland involved in immune system development, especially T-cells active in childhood.

Glands on top of the kidneys that release stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.

Gland that regulates blood sugar by releasing insulin and glucagon.

Female reproductive gland that produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone.

Male reproductive gland that produces sperm and testosterone.

Chemical messenger released into the bloodstream that affects target cells.

System of glands that release hormones to regulate body functions.

Organ that produces and releases hormones.

Cell with specific receptors that bind to a hormone.

Cell affected by a hormone because it has the correct receptor.

Female sex hormone that regulates reproductive development and the menstrual cycle.

Hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy.

Male sex hormone responsible for sperm production and male secondary traits.

Hormone that lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.

Stress hormone that increases blood sugar and helps the body respond to long-term stress.

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Hormone that triggers the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Hormone that controls water balance and reduces urine production.

Hormone that stimulates growth of bones and tissues.

Positive Feedback Loop

Process where the response increases or amplifies the original stimulus.

Negative Feedback Loop

Process where the response reduces or shuts down the original stimulus.

Autoimmune disease where the body does not produce insulin.

Condition where cells become resistant to insulin, causing high blood sugar.

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Endocrine Vocab

Term	Definition
Pineal Gland	Small brain gland that releases melatonin and controls sleep–wake cycles.
Hypothalamus	Brain region that links the nervous and endocrine systems; controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis.
Pituitary Gland	“Master gland” that releases hormones controlling other endocrine glands.
Thyroid Gland	Neck gland that regulates metabolism, energy use, and growth.
Thymus	Gland involved in immune system development, especially T-cells active in childhood.
Adrenal Gland	Glands on top of the kidneys that release stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.
Pancreas	Gland that regulates blood sugar by releasing insulin and glucagon.
Ovary	Female reproductive gland that produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone.
Testis	Male reproductive gland that produces sperm and testosterone.
Hormone	Chemical messenger released into the bloodstream that affects target cells.
Endocrine System	System of glands that release hormones to regulate body functions.
Gland	Organ that produces and releases hormones.
Receptor Cell	Cell with specific receptors that bind to a hormone.
Target Cell	Cell affected by a hormone because it has the correct receptor.
Estrogen	Female sex hormone that regulates reproductive development and the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone	Hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy.
Testosterone	Male sex hormone responsible for sperm production and male secondary traits.
Insulin	Hormone that lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb glucose.
Cortisol	Stress hormone that increases blood sugar and helps the body respond to long-term stress.
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)	Hormone that triggers the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Vasopressin (ADH)	Hormone that controls water balance and reduces urine production.
Growth Hormone	Hormone that stimulates growth of bones and tissues.
Positive Feedback Loop	Process where the response increases or amplifies the original stimulus.
Negative Feedback Loop	Process where the response reduces or shuts down the original stimulus.
Type 1 Diabetes	Autoimmune disease where the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes	Condition where cells become resistant to insulin, causing high blood sugar.

Created by: user-1969927

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