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Unit 7 cells

QuestionAnswer
Cell theory: A widhip between cells and living things. ely accepted explanation of the relations A. All living things are composed of cells B. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things C. All cells are produced from other cells
Microscope: An instrument used to make small objects look larger.
Cells: The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Compound Microscope Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses.
Electron Microscope Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image.
Magnification The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges)
Resolution: The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image.
Elements any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compounds: when 2 or more elements chemically combine.
Organic compounds carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon.
Inorganic compounds water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon.
Carbohydrates energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread.
Lipids Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods.
Proteins large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans.
Enzymes a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things.
Nucleic Acids Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life.
DNA The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule
Water in cells: A. Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells B. Water helps cells keep their shape. C. Water helps cells maintain their temperature D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them
Passive Transport When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy.
Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively permeable means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot.
Active transport When materials go in and out of the cell using energy.
Endocytosis: The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle
Exocytosis The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell.
RULE # 1 Must be made of Cells
RULE # 2 Must be organized: Organization – cells specialize to perform specific functions. Levels: cells make tissue, tissue makes organs, organs make organ systems, organ systems make organisms.
RULE # 3 Types of organisms: multicellular - made of many specialized cells unicellular – made of only 1 cell
RULE # 4 Homeostasis - organism’s response to the environment that keeps conditions suitable for life
RULE # 5 Growth and Development
RULE # 6 Reproduction:
Organelles: the general name of tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.
Cell Wall A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell.
Cell Membrane controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
Nucleolus small round structure in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
Chromatin Control center of the cell, directs all of the cells activities.
Nucleus Control center of the cell, directs all of the cells activities.
Ribosomes small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills all the open areas in the cell.
Mitochondria Rod-shaped structures that convert energy from food into energy for the cell, nicknamed the “powerhouse”
Endoplasmic Reticulum Reticulum: The ER forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Created by: user-2007950
 

 



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