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unit 7 cells

QuestionAnswer
The basic unit of structure and function in living things Cells
An instrument used to make small objects look larger. Microscope
Cell theory: A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things A. All living things are composed of cells B. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things C. All cells are produced from other cells
Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses. Compound Microscope
Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image Electron Microscope
The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges) Magnification
The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image. Resolution
any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements
when 2 or more elements chemically combine. Compounds
Organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon. Compounds that cells need
Inorganic compounds: water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon. Compounds that cells need
energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be Carbohydrates
Fats, oils, and waxes Lipids
large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Proteins
a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things. Enzymes
Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life. Nucleic Acids
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule DNA
Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells Water helps cells keep their shape. Water helps cells maintain their temperature Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them Water in cells
When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy. Passive Transport
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion
The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis
means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. Selectively permeable
When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. Active transport
The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. Endocytosis
The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell. Exocytosis
the general name of tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. Organelles
A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms, it protects and supports the cell. Cell Wall
controls which substances pass into and out of a cell. Cell Membrane
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell. Also called the nuclear envelope. Nuclear Membrane
Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy (sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase INTERPHASE
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell • Spindle fibers form between the poles PROPHASE
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers METAPHASE
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell ANAPHASE
Two new nuclei form • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods) • Mitosis ends TELOPHASE
Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells - each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes CYTOKINESIS
Created by: user-2006716
 

 



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