A large peninsula in Southwest Asia where Islam began.

Nomadic Arab tribes who lived by herding and trade in the deserts.

A major trading city and the birthplace of Islam; Islam’s holiest city.

A sacred shrine in Mecca that Muslims face when they pray.

The prophet of Islam who received Allah’s final revelations.

The Arabic word for God in Islam.

Muhammad’s close companion and the first caliph after his death

Muslim “People of the Book”

Jews and Christians, who Muslims believe worship the same God

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, start of the Islamic calendar.

The Muslim community united by faith, not tribe or family.

The pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to make if able.

A political and religious leader who succeeded Muhammad.

Five Pillars of Islam

The core duties of Muslims, faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.

An Islamic state ruled by a caliph.

Islam’s holy book, believed to be the word of Allah revealed to Muhammad.

Shi’ites–Sunni schism

A division in Islam over who should succeed Muhammad as leader.

The first major Islamic dynasty (661–750 CE). It spread Islam across North Africa and into Spain.

The dynasty that ruled after the Umayyads (750–1258 CE). It ruled from Baghdad and led a Golden Age of learning.

A collection of Middle Eastern stories from the Islamic world that shows culture and daily life.

A Muslim state ruled by former enslaved soldiers. They stopped the Mongols in the Middle East.

Native people of North Africa who helped spread Islam across the Sahara and into Spain.

A West African trading empire that became rich from gold and salt trade

A Shi’a Muslim dynasty that ruled North Africa and founded Cairo.

Muslim ruled Spain. Córdoba was a center of learning and culture.

A Muslim philosopher from Spain who wrote about Aristotle and influenced Europe.

Muslim religious scholars who interpret Islamic law and teachings.

A Turkic Muslim empire that controlled parts of the Middle East and weakened the Byzantine Empire.

A battle in 1071 where the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire, leading to the Crusades.

Religious wars (1096–1291) between Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem.

A Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187.

Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who built a huge empire in the 1200s.

Islamic law based on the Qur’an and Muhammad’s teachings.

A Muslim who follows Sufism, focusing on a personal and spiritual connection with God.

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history vocab unit 7

Term	Definition
Arabian Peninsula	A large peninsula in Southwest Asia where Islam began.
Bedouins	Nomadic Arab tribes who lived by herding and trade in the deserts.
Mecca	A major trading city and the birthplace of Islam; Islam’s holiest city.
Ka’aba	A sacred shrine in Mecca that Muslims face when they pray.
Muhammad	The prophet of Islam who received Allah’s final revelations.
Allah	The Arabic word for God in Islam.
Abu Bakr	Muhammad’s close companion and the first caliph after his death
Muslim “People of the Book”	Jews and Christians, who Muslims believe worship the same God
Hijra	Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, start of the Islamic calendar.
Umma	The Muslim community united by faith, not tribe or family.
Hajj	The pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to make if able.
Caliph	A political and religious leader who succeeded Muhammad.
Five Pillars of Islam	The core duties of Muslims, faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Caliphate	An Islamic state ruled by a caliph.
Qur’an	Islam’s holy book, believed to be the word of Allah revealed to Muhammad.
Shi’ites–Sunni schism	A division in Islam over who should succeed Muhammad as leader.
Umayyad Caliphate	The first major Islamic dynasty (661–750 CE). It spread Islam across North Africa and into Spain.
Abbasid Caliphate	The dynasty that ruled after the Umayyads (750–1258 CE). It ruled from Baghdad and led a Golden Age of learning.
The Arabian Nights	A collection of Middle Eastern stories from the Islamic world that shows culture and daily life.
Mamluks	A Muslim state ruled by former enslaved soldiers. They stopped the Mongols in the Middle East.
Berber	Native people of North Africa who helped spread Islam across the Sahara and into Spain.
Ghana	A West African trading empire that became rich from gold and salt trade
Fatimid dynasty	A Shi’a Muslim dynasty that ruled North Africa and founded Cairo.
Al-Andalus	Muslim ruled Spain. Córdoba was a center of learning and culture.
Averroes	A Muslim philosopher from Spain who wrote about Aristotle and influenced Europe.
Ulama	Muslim religious scholars who interpret Islamic law and teachings.
Seljuk	A Turkic Muslim empire that controlled parts of the Middle East and weakened the Byzantine Empire.
Battle of Manzikert	A battle in 1071 where the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire, leading to the Crusades.
Crusades	Religious wars (1096–1291) between Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem.
Saladin	A Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187.
Mongols	Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who built a huge empire in the 1200s.
Shari’a Law	Islamic law based on the Qur’an and Muhammad’s teachings.
Sufi	A Muslim who follows Sufism, focusing on a personal and spiritual connection with God.

Created by: 29gomezs

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