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chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| Urban Hearths | areas generally associated with river valleys in which seasonal floods and fertile soils aided the production of an agricultural surplus. |
| Urbanization | Movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| urban hierarchy | A ranking of cities according to their size and economic functions. |
| world cities | A group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce. Alpha cities |
| rural | relating to farm areas and life in the country |
| suburban | An area that typically surrounds the central city, is often residential, and is not as densely populated. |
| urban | relating to a city |
| Suburbanization | The process of population movement from cities to the rural-urban fringe. |
| White Flight | the move of white city-dwellers to the suburbs to escape the influx of minorities. |
| Reurbanization | when suburbanites return to live in the city |
| Exurbanization | The migration of urban residents to rural environments |
| satellite city | when an established town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one |
| metropolitan area | a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it |
| Megacity | City with more than 10 million people |
| Metacity | A city with a population over 20 million |
| Megalopolis | A very large city. |
| Borchert's Model | 1960s to predict/explain the growth of cities in 4 phases of transportation history: stage 1- sail wagon era of 1790-1830; stage 2-iron horse era of 1830-1870; stage 3-steel rail era of 1870-1920; and stage 4, the car and air travel that began after 1920. |
| infrastructure | Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools |
| conurbation | a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities |
| rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. |
| primate city | a city that dominates a country's economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital |
| Gravity Model | A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service |
| Central Place Theory | Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another. |
| hinterlands | The surrounding trade area of an urban area |
| range | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. |
| threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support the service |
| Forward Capital | A capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area for economic, strategic, or symbolic reasons. |
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