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Personality Exam 1
PE1 Ch. 4-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| goals of the trait approach | translate, measure, and predict and explain behavior |
| what are the three levels of understanding/measuring individual differences? | universal psychological processes (basic needs), grouped characteristics (dominance, conscientiousness, extraversion), and unique individuality (genetic makeup and experiences) |
| The focus of the trait approach is on which level? | level two - categorized individual differences |
| The person-situation debate posits that... | personality patterns guide actions, or that behavior is entirely dependent on the situation |
| Mischel emphasized the power of the situation to shape people's behavior | situationism |
| Mischel's critiques: personality.... | does not predict behavior because people act different in different situations and knowing a person's level on a particular trait does not allow you to predict their behavior on any specific occasion. |
| on the personality side, personality traits predict behavior, but over the ___, ___ over long periods of time, and ___/___ traits predict ___/___ behaviors | long-term, stable, broad/narrow |
| criteria for accuracy achieved by assembling diverse pieces of information that "converge" on a common conclusion | convergent validity |
| achieved by being able to "predict" someone's behavior | predictive validity |
| 1st basic criteria for evaluating the validity of personality judgment: dose this judgment agree with other judgments obtained through other techniques or from other judges? | agreement |
| 2nd basic criteria of personality judgment: can this judgment of personality be used to predict behavior? | prediction |
| Moderator of accuracy with an emphasis on interpersonal relationships; pick up on social cues, lots of experience with different people, exposed to different personalities | good judge |
| moderator of accuracy who has consistent, predictable behavior | good target |
| moderator: extraversion versus emotional stability | good trait |
| moderator: quantity and quality and strength of situations | good information |
| ___ situations provide few rules, allowing personality to freely guide behavior (party), but ____ situations enforce conformity through strict norms (on the bus, funerals) | weak, strong |
| one that affects the relationship between two other variables (attribute of personality and accurate judgment of that attribute) | moderator variable |
| to see persons and situations as constantly interacting with each other to produce behavior together | interactionism |
| in the Realistic Accuracy Model, the target must do something ___.; that is informative about the judged trait Also, this information must be _____ to a judge. | relevant, available |
| In the RAM, a judge must _____ information provided by the target and ____ it correctly. | detect, utilize |
| Accuracy does not equal confidence because | missing relevance or availability can lead to accuracy errors, such as bias, stereotypes, or over-interpretations |
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alumesi