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Bio 13&14

QuestionAnswer
Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria Transformation
Type of virus that infects bacteria Bacteriophage
Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine Base pairing
Process of copying DNA prior to cell division Replication
Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication DNA polymerase
Telomere Repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome
Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribosome RNA
Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly if amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell mRNA
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes rRNA
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes tRNA
Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template Transcription
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template RNA Polymerase
Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription Promoter
Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein Intron
Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein Exon
Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins Polypeptide
Collection of codons of mRNA to which directs to incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis Genetic code
Group of three nucleotide based in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated onto a protein Codon
Process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein Translation
Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to three bases of a codon of mRNA Anticodon
In prokaryotes, a group of adjacent genes that shared a common operator and promoter that are transcribed into a single mRNA Operon
Short DNA region, adjacent to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon, that binds represser proteins responsible for controlling the rate of transcription of the operon Operator
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function Differention
Class of regulatory genes that determine the identity of body parts and regions in an animal embryo. Mutations in these genes can transform one body part into another Homeotic gene
Genes that code for transcription factors that activate other genes that are important in cell development and differentiation Homeobox gene
Group of homeotic genes clustered together that determine head-to-tail identity of body parts of animals. All boy genes carry the homeobox DNA sequence Hox Gene
Change in the genetic material of a cell Mutation
Gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed Point mutation
Mutation that shifts the ‘reading frame’ of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide Frame shift Mutation
Chemical or physical agent in the environment that interacts with DNA and may cause a mutation Mutagen
Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes Polyploidy
To join together Splice
To identify precisely Specify
Created by: EllyNicole11
 

 



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