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Biomed Mitosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics of Interphase? | 1. DNA is a chromatin 2. Twice the amount of DNA 3. DNA is relaxed |
| Roughly how much time does Interphase take? | 95% of the Cell Cycle |
| What occurs during G1? | The cell grows in size |
| What occurs during S? | The DNA duplicates |
| What occurs during G2? | The cell is growing in size again |
| Roughly how much time does the M-Phase take? | 5% of the Cell Cycle |
| What is Mitosis? | The division of the cell nucleus |
| What are the characteristics of Prophase? | -DNA condenses into chromosomes -Nuclear membrane disappears -Centreoles move to opposite sides |
| What are the characteristics of Metaphase? | -Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell (Equator) -Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers. |
| What are the characteristics of Anaphase? | -Centreoles are pulled apart -Chromatids separate -Chromosomes separate into groups near the poles |
| What are the characteristics of Telophase? | -Chromosomes spread out into a tangle of chromatin -Nuclear envelope reforms (DNA division) -Spindle fibers break apart and centreoles disappear |
| What is Cytokinesis? | The division of the cytoplasm, it turns one cell into two |
| What do Somatic Cells make up? | Organs |
| What is the definition of Diploid? | Having two sets of chromosomes |
| What are Spindle Fibers? | The parts of the cell that during Mitosis tear apart chromatids |
| What is a Centromere? | The spot where the 2 sister chromatid are attached |
| What are Sister Chromatids? | They work together to make a single chromatid |
| What is a Biopsy? | A medical procedure to remove a small sample of cells or tissue from the body for examination to diagnose disease, identify infection, and check for abnormalities. |
| What is the definition of Malignant? | Malignant tumors AKA cancerous tumors. These tumors are harmful and can invade other tissues or spread to other tissues or spread to other parts of the body if not treated. |
| What is the definition of Benign? | Benign tumors are generally harmless. They will not spread to other parts of the body or invade other tissues and are not cancerous. |
| What is the definition of Metastasis? | The spread of cancerous cells to other tissues or parts of the body. |
| What phase of the cell cycle takes the longest? | Interphase |
| What are the key differences between Cytokinesis and Telophase? | Telophase is DNA division and cytokinesis is cytoplasm division |
| What are the key differences between a Cancerous and Noncancerous Cell? | -Cell division -Organization/Disorganization -Patterns -Size/shape -Nucleus |
| What are the functions a Protein has in the body? | -Drive cell reactions -Defense mechanism -Builds tissues -Transport materials -Movement |
| What is a Gene? | It's what DNA is broken down into |
| What does a Gene do? | They code for amino acids |
| How are DNA and mRNA alike? | They both start in the Nucleus of a cell and have bases |
| What type of shape is DNA? | Double stranded |
| What type of shape is mRNA? | Single stranded |
| What are the Nitrogen bases of DNA? | A, T, G, C |
| What are the Nitrogen bases of mRNA? | A, U, G, C |
| Where is DNA located? | The Nucleus |
| Where is mRNA located? | The Ribosome |
| What creates mRNA? | The connection of multiple bases |
| Where is DNA transcribed into mRNA? | The Nucleus |
| How are the accuracy of DNA and RNA codes assured? | Through matching bases |
| How does mRNA get out of the Nucleus? | Through tiny fractures on the Nucleus' surface |
| What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA? | mRNA is a messenger and tRNA transfers it into Amino Acids. |
| How many bases make up a Codon? | 3 |
| Where is a Codon located? | On mRNA |
| Where is mRNA transferred into Amino Acids? | In the Ribsomes |
| Transfer this DNA strand into mRNA: TACTTTAGCGGTCAG | AUGAAAUCGGAGUC |
| If mRNA bases were AUG, what would the tRNA anticodons be? | UAC |
| What is the difference between Point Mutations and Frameshift Mutations? | Point alters one single point while frameshift deletes or adds bases |
| What are the three types of Point Mutations? | Silent, Missense, and Nonsense |
| What is a Silent Mutation? | In the end codes the same amino acids |
| What is a Missense Mutation? | Codes a new amino acid |
| What is a Nonsense Mutation? | Makes the protein shorter and codes to a STOP |
| What are the two types of Frameshift Mutations? | Insertion and Deletion |
| What happens in Insertion? | Adds an additional base |
| What happens in Deletion? | Gets rid of a base and shifts the entire string |
| Why does a DNA mutation impact the function of a protein? | It can cause entire strands of protein to change shape |
| How could a protein's function be impacted by a DNA mutation? | It could make it switch to a completely different protein meaning it will impact a different body system/function |
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