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Avery Prey ESS 3.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. |
| Humidity | Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Circulation | Circulation is the continuous movement of air or water in a system. |
| Global winds | Global winds are large-scale wind patterns that move air around the Earth. |
| Jet stream | The jet stream is a fast-moving band of air high in the atmosphere. |
| Atmosphere | The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding Earth. |
| Ocean | The ocean is a large body of salt water covering most of Earth’s surface. |
| Air mass | An air mass is a large body of air with similar temperature and humidity throughout. |
| Cold front | A cold front is when a mass of cold air pushes under warm air, often causing storms. |
| Warm front | A warm front is when a mass of warm air moves over cold air, often bringing steady rain |
| Precipitation | Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds, like rain or snow. |
| Temperature gradient | A temperature gradient is the difference in temperature between two areas. |
| Hurricane | A hurricane is a large, powerful storm that forms over warm ocean water. |
| Thunderstorm | A thunderstorm is a storm with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail |
| Convection | Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of liquids or gases. |
| Conduction | Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact. |
| Radiation | Radiation is the transfer of energy through waves, such as sunlight. |
| Pacific Ocean | The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth. |
| Trade winds/Easterlies | Trade winds are steady winds that blow from east to west near the equator. |
| Westerlies | Westerlies are winds that blow from west to east in the middle latitudes. |
| Global impacts | Global impacts are effects that influence the entire planet. |
| El Niño | El Niño is a climate pattern marked by unusually warm ocean water in the Pacific Ocean. |
| La Niña | La Niña is a climate pattern marked by unusually cool ocean water in the Pacific Ocean. |
| Warm ocean current | A warm ocean current is a stream of warm water moving through the ocean. |
| Gulf Stream | The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| Coastal regions | Coastal regions are areas of land located near the ocean. |
| Oceanic conveyor belt | A global system of interconnected ocean currents that moves warm and cold water around the planet. |
| Coriolis effect | The apparent deflection of moving objects (like wind and currents) caused by Earth’s rotation. |
| Heat | A form of energy transferred between objects due to a difference in temperature. |
| Wind belts | Large global wind systems that blow in consistent directions across Earth. |
| Equator | An imaginary line around the middle of Earth that divides it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
| Poles | The two points at the top and bottom of Earth (North and South) where the planet rotates |
| Ocean gyres | Large circular systems of ocean currents formed by global winds and Earth’s rotation. |
| Thermohaline circulation | Deep ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). |
| Surface temperatures | The temperature at Earth’s surface, including land and ocean water. |
| Deep currents | Slow-moving ocean currents that flow far below the surface, driven by density differences. |
| Regional climate | The typical weather patterns of a specific area over a long period of time. |
| Temperature gradient | The rate at which temperature changes over a certain distance. |
| Climate zones (Maritime Tropical, Maritime Polar, Continental Tropical, Continental Polar, Continental Arctic) | Categories describing regions based on typical temperature and moisture characteristics. |
| Seasons | The four divisions of the year (spring, summer, fall, winter) caused by Earth’s tilted axis as it orbits the Sun |
| Sea breeze | A cool wind that blows from the ocean toward land during the day. |
| Coastal fog | Fog that forms near coastlines when warm air moves over cooler ocean water. |
| Hurricanes | Powerful tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rain that form over warm ocean water. |
| Local climate | The long-term weather conditions of a small, specific area. |
| Moisture content | The amount of water vapor present in the air. |
| Land-sea breezes | Local wind patterns caused by temperature differences between land and water surfaces. |
| Hadley Cells | Large atmospheric circulation loops in the tropics where warm air rises near the equator and sinks around 30° latitude. |
| Upwelling | The movement of cold, nutrient-rich deep water up to the ocean surface |
| Downwelling | The sinking of surface water to deeper parts of the ocean. |
| Earth’s rotation | The spinning of Earth on its axis, which causes day and night. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth that supports life and influences weather and climate. |
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user-1996999