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radiology foundation

Term	Definition
ALARA concept Concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures
should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.”
Anode (AN-ode) The positive electrode in the x-ray tube.
Atom The basic unit of matter.
Bremsstrahlung radiation “Braking radiation.” The sudden deceleration of
electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei.
Cathode (KATH-ode) The negative electrode in the x-ray tube.
Central ray X-rays at the center of the beam.
Contrast Differences in degrees of blackness on an image.
Control panel The portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch,
the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button.
Density The overall darkness or blackness of an image.
Dental radiography (ray-dee-OG-ruh-fee) The process of recording images
of the teeth and adjacent structures by exposure to x-radiation.
Digital imaging A filmless method of capturing an image and displaying it by
using an image receptor, an electronic signal, and a computer to process
and store the image.
Distortion Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical
angulation.
Dose (of radiation) The amount of energy absorbed by tissues.
Dosimeter A device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of
radiation.
Electron A negatively charged particle in the atom.
Energy The ability to do work.
Extension arm Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead.
Genetic (juh-NE-tik) effects Effects of radiation that are passed on to future
generations through genetic cells.
Image Film-based or digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures.
Image receptor A recording medium for an image, normally film, phosphor
storage plate (PSP), or a digital sensor.
Intensity The total energy of the x-ray beam.
Ion (EYE-on) An electrically charged particle.
Ionization (eye-uh-ni-ZAY-shun) Process by which electrons are removed
from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans.
Ionizing (EYE-uh-nye-zing) radiation Radiation that produces ionization,
resulting in harmful effects.Kilovoltage (KIL-uh-voel-tuj) peak (kVp) Highest voltage of x-ray tube
used during an exposure.
Latent (LAY-tent) period Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and
appearance of symptoms.
Lead apron Device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming
tissues from scatter radiation.
Magnification The proportional enlargement of an image.
Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure
button Components of control panel.
Matter Anything that occupies space and has form or shape.
Milliampere (mil-ee-AM-peer) (mA) One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an
ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an
electrical current.
Penumbra (puh-NUM-bruh) The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds
an image.
Personal radiation monitoring badge A device that measures exposure of
personnel to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of visible light
emitted from a crystal in the detector when heated. The intensity of light
emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure.
Photon (FOE-ton) A minute (tiny) bundle of pure energy that has no weight
or mass.
Primary beam The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the
anode.
Primary radiation Same as primary beam.
Quality (of x-ray beam) The mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray
beam.
Quantity (of x-ray beam) The number of x-rays produced in the dental unit;
the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage.
Radiation Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material.
Radiograph (RAY-dee-oe-graf) Image produced on photosensitive film by
exposing the film to radiation and then processing it.
Radiology (ray-dee-OL-uh-jee) The science or study of radiation as used in
medicine.
585
Scatter radiation A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray
beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter.
Secondary radiation X-radiation that is created when the primary beam
interacts with matter. Sensor A solid-state image receptor that contains a silicon chip with an
electric circuit.
Sharpness A measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or
outline of an object.
Somatic (soe-MAT-ik) effects Effects of radiation that cause illness and are
responsible for poor health (such as cancer, leukemia, and cataracts) but
are not passed on to offspring.
Thyroid collar A flexible lead shield that is placed securely around the neck.
Tubehead The part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the highvoltage and low-voltage transformers, and insulating oil.
Tungsten target A focal spot in the anode.
X-radiation High-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation.
Automatic processor Machine that automates all film processing steps.
Beam alignment device Assists in the positioning of the position indicator
device (PID).
Bitewing Image view that shows the crowns of both arches on one film.
Calcium tungstate Common type of phosphor.
Cassette Contains extraoral films during exposure.
Cephalometric film Shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile.
Charge-coupled device (CCD) A solid-state image sensor used in intraoral
digital imaging.
Digital image Electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on
computer monitors.
Digitize Scanning of traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image.
Duplicating film Film designed for use in film duplicating machines.
Emulsion (ee-MUL-shun) A coating on the x-ray film that contains energysensitive crystals.
Extraoral film Film designed for use in cassettes.
Film speed The sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation.
Intensifying screen The part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray
energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film.
Intraoral film Film designed for placement in the patient’s mouth.
Label side Colored side of the film that faces the tongue.
Latent image The invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before
processing. Occlusal Radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or
mandible.
Panoramic film Used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper
and lower jaws.
Periapical (per-ee-AP-i-kul) Radiographic view that shows the crown, root
tip, and surrounding structures.
Phosphor storage plate (PSP) Reusable film-sized plates coated with
phosphor as the image receptor.
Positioning instruments Intraoral devices used to position and hold the
film, sensor, or PSP.
Processing A series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph.
Steps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying.
Radiograph (RAY-dee-oe-graf) Image produced on photosensitive film by
exposing the film to radiation and then processing it.
Teledentistry Process of using electronic transfer of images and other
information for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry.
Tube side Solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube.

Created by: emely.rosas08

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