Question 1

Loop Diuretics

Accepted Answer

(Furosemide, Bumetanide)

Question 2

Potassium-Sparing

Accepted Answer

(Spironolactone)

Question 3

Thiazide Diuretics

Accepted Answer

(HCTZ, Chlorothiazide)

Question 4

Osmotic Diuretics

Accepted Answer

(Mannitol, Glycerin)

Question 5

Nursing Priorities

Accepted Answer

(ADPIE) and Patient Safety

Question 6

This guide focuses on the clinical application of diuretic therapy in treating fluid volume overload, hypertension, and increased intracranial pressure

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes the critical nursing responsibility of monitoring electrolyte balance, recognizing drug-specific adverse effects, and applying specialized administration techniques for high-potency agents like Mannitol.

Question 7

The Priority Rule (ABCs over BP):

Accepted Answer

While orthostatic hypotension is common, electrolyte-induced cardiac dysrhythmias (muscle weakness/irregular pulse) are a higher priority.

Question 8

Osmotic Shift (Mannitol):

Accepted Answer

Unlike other diuretics that work by blocking salt reabsorption, Osmotics pull water directly into the vascular space using osmotic pressure.

Question 9

Osmotic Shift (Mannitol): This makes them excellent for brain swelling but

Accepted Answer

dangerous for heart failure, as they can cause Pulmonary Edema by "flooding" the bloodstream with shifted fluid.

Question 10

Mannitol Administration (Critical):

Accepted Answer

Mannitol can crystallize when exposed to low temperatures. Always use a filter needle and an in-line filter when administering to prevent crystals from entering the patient's circulation.

Question 11

Renal Thresholds:

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics require functioning kidneys. If a patient is in severe renal failure (Anuria), Thiazides are contraindicated.

Question 12

The Sulfa Warning:

Accepted Answer

Patients with severe allergies to sulfonamide antibiotics may have cross-sensitivity to Loop and Thiazide diuretics.

Question 13

Digoxin Interaction

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia caused by Loop diuretics increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity.

Question 14

Anuria

Accepted Answer

Failure of the kidneys to produce urine; a contraindication for Thiazides.

Question 15

Crystallization:

Accepted Answer

The process where Mannitol forms solid crystals in the vial; requires warming the vial and using a filter.

Question 16

Gynecomastia:

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of male breast tissue; a side effect of Spironolactone.

Question 17

Intracranial Pressure (ICP):

Accepted Answer

Pressure inside the skull; the primary indication for Osmotic diuretics.

Question 18

Oliguria:

Accepted Answer

Production of abnormally small amounts of urine; a condition Mannitol is used to treat in early-stage renal failure.

Question 19

Why must the nurse inspect a vial of Mannitol for crystals before administration?

Accepted Answer

mannitol is supplied as a hyperosmolar solution, when it gets cold-during storage or transport, drug will form crystals. Can obstruct BV, cause embolization and damage kidneys or other organs if crystals enter bloodstream

Question 20

Contrast the use of Loop diuretics vs. Osmotic diuretics in a patient with Pulmonary Edema (Why is one a treatment and the other a contraindication?).

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diuretics increase circulating volume, which exacerbates pulmonary edema, making them an absolute contraindication whereas Loop remove fluid and reduce pressure in pulmonary vasculature

Question 21

Which assessment finding is the most critical to monitor in a patient receiving Mannitol for cerebral edema?

Accepted Answer

urine output — because it provides the earliest and most direct indication of how the drug is affecting renal function and overall fluid balance.

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