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Upper Limb Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper limb main function | Highly mobile structure designed for manipulation, precision, and functional use of the hand |
| Why is the shoulder highly mobile? | It sacrifices stability for a large range of movement |
| Type of joint: Glenohumeral (shoulder) | Synovial ball and socket joint |
| Structures forming the glenohumeral joint | Humerus and scapula |
| Movements at the shoulder joint | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction |
| How is the shoulder stabilised? | Muscles and ligaments, especially the rotator cuff |
| Acromioclavicular joint type | Synovial gliding joint |
| Sternoclavicular joint role | Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and allows shoulder girdle movement |
| Muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton | |
| Axioappendicular muscles | Muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton |
| Extrinsic shoulder muscles | Originate from the torso and attach to scapula, clavicle, or humerus |
| Intrinsic shoulder muscles | Originate from scapula or clavicle and attach to the humerus |
| Deltoid main role | Primary mover of the shoulder |
| Parts of the deltoid | Anterior, lateral and posterior |
| Deltoid actions | Shoulder flexion, extension, abduction and adduction |
| Teres major action | Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the arm |
| Initiates shoulder abduction and stabilises the joint | |
| Primary role of the rotator cuff | Stabilise the shoulder joint and control movement |
| Supraspinatus action | Initiates shoulder abduction and stabilises the joint |
| Infraspinatus action | External rotation of the shoulder |
| Teres minor action | External rotation and shoulder stability |
| Subscapularis action | Medial (internal) rotation of the shoulder |
| Synovial pivot joint | |
| Type of elbow joint (humeroulnar) | Synovial hinge joint |
| Movements at the elbow hinge joint | Flexion and extension |
| Type of proximal radioulnar joint | Synovial pivot joint |
| Movement at the radioulnar joint | Pronation and supination |
| Elbow extension | |
| Main elbow flexors | Biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis |
| Main elbow extensor | Triceps brachii |
| Biceps brachii function | Elbow flexion and forearm supination |
| Triceps brachii function | Elbow extension |
| Synovial condyloid joint | |
| Muscles responsible for pronation | Pronator teres and pronator quadratus |
| Muscle responsible for supination | Supinator |
| Definition of pronation | Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces downwards |
| Definition of supination | Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces upwards |
| Mobility, stability, strength and neuromuscular control | |
| Type of wrist joint | Synovial condyloid joint |
| Movements at the wrist | Flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and circumduction |
| Role of the wrist in hand function | Positions and stabilises the hand for effective finger movement |
| Functional movement pattern | Coordinated movement across multiple joints to perform a task |
| Upper limb functional movement requires | Mobility, stability, strength and neuromuscular control |
| Importance of wrist position | Optimises finger strength and precision |
Created by:
user-2024884