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Female Reproduction
Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blastocyst | When fertilized implanted egg becomes a cluster of cells, later becomes an embryo, then fetus |
| adnexae uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments |
| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus |
| areola | Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple |
| Bartholin glands | Small, mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice; named for Caspar Bartholin, a Danish anatomist who described them in 1637 |
| cervix | Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus |
| chorion | Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo |
| clitoris | Sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra |
| coitus | Sexual intercourse; copulation |
| corpus luteum | Empty ovarian follicle; secretes progesterone after release of egg cell; means “yellow body” |
| cul-de-sac | Region in lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus |
| embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks |
| endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus |
| estrogen | Hormone produced by the ovaries that promotes female secondary sex characteristics |
| fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; oviduct; named for Gabriello Fallopia, an Italian anatomist |
| fertilization | Union of sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops |
| fetus | Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks |
| fimbriae (sing.: fimbria) | Finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes |
| follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the ovum |
| gamete | Male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum |
| genitalia | Reproductive organs; also called genitals |
| gestation | Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth |
| gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis |
| gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone |
| hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina |
| labia | Lips of the vagina |
| lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk within the breast |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation |
| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast |
| menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce |
| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation |
| menstruation | Monthly shedding of the uterine lining |
| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus |
| neonatology | Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate) |
| obstetrics | The branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth |
| orifice | An opening |
| ovarian follicle | Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary |
| ovary | One of a pair of female organs on each side of the pelvis; almond- shaped; produced egg cells and hormones |
| ovulation | Release of the ovum from the ovary |
| ovum (pl.: ova) | Mature egg cell (female gamete) |
| parturition | Act of giving birth |
| perineum | Area between the anus and the vagina in females |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries; also regulates other endocrine organs |
| placenta | Vascular organ attached to uterine wall during pregnancy; allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetu |
| pregnancy | Condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in female uterus for about 40 weeks |
| progesterone | Hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary and placenta of pregnant women |
| puberty | Point in life cycle at which sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced |
| Perimetrium (uterine serosa) | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus |
| uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs |
| vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body |
| vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice |
| zygote | The stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks |
| amni/o | amnion |
| bartholin/o | Bartholin Glands |
| cervic/o | cervix, neck |
| chori/o | chorion |
| chorion/o | chorion |
| colp/o | vagina |
| culd/o | cul-de-sac |
| episi/o | vulva |
| galact/o | milk |
| gynec/o | woman, female |
| hyster/o | uterus, womb |
| lact/o | milk |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| metr/o | uterus |
| my/o | muscle |
| myom/o | muscle tumor |
| nat/i | birth |
| obstetr/o | midwife |
| o/o | egg |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ovul/o | egg |
| perine/o | perineum |
| phor/o | to bear |
| salping/o | fallopian tubes |
| uter/o | uterus |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| vulv/o | vulva |
| -arche | beginning |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| -gravida | pregnancy |
| -parous | to bear, bring forth |
| -rrhea | discharge |
| -salpinx | uterine tube |
| -tocia | labor, birth |
| -version | act of turning |
| dys- | painful |
| endo- | within |
| in- | in |
| intra- | within |
| multi- | many |
| nulli- | no, not, none |
| pre- | before |
| primi- | first |
| retro- | backward |
| Cervical cancer | Malignant cells within the cervix |
| Cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix |
| Endometrial cancer | Malignant tumor of the uterine lining |
| Endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus |
| Fibroids | are benign tumors of the uterus |
| Ovarian cancer | Malignant tumor of the ovary |
| Ovarian cysts | Collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Examples: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis. Leading causes of PID are sexually transmitted diseases |
| Abruptio placentae | Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta |
| Choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of the placenta |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Misplaced implantation of egg |
| APGAR scoring chart | Assessment of newborn Scoring 1 to 5 min after birth |
| Conization | Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix |
| Laparoscopic oophorectomy | removal of ovary |
| Amniocentesis | Needle placement guided by ultrasound images |
| AB | Abortion |
| AFP | Alpha-fetoprotein-high levels in amniotic fluid of fetus or maternal serum |
| BRCA1/BRCA2 | Breast cancer 1 and 2 - genetic mutations associated with increased risk for breast cancer |
| BSE | Breast self-examination |
| CA 125 | Protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer |
| C-section, CS | Cesarean section |
| CIN | Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| CIS | Carcinoma in situ |
| CVS | Chorionic villus sampling |
| Cx | Cervix |
| D & C | Dilation (dilation and curettage |
| DCIS | Ductal carcinoma in situ |
| DUB | Dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
| FHR | Fetal heart rate |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| G | Gravida (pregnant) |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| GYN | Gynecology |
| hCG OR HCG | Human chorionic gonadotropin |
| HDN | Hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| HRT | Hormone replacement therapy |
| HSG | Hysterosalpingography |
| IUD | Intrauterine device; contraceptive |
| IVF | In vitro fertilization |
| LEEP | Loop electrocautery excision procedure |
| LH | Luteinizing hormone |
| LMP | Last menstrual period |
| multip | Multipara; multiparous |
| OB | Obstetrics |
| para 2-0-1-2 | A woman’s reproductive history: 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion, and 2 living children |
| Pap test | Papanicolaou smear-test |
| PID | Pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PMS | Premenstrual syndrome |
| primip | Primipara; primiparous |
| SLN biopsy or SNB | Sentinel lymph node biopsy |
| TAH-BSO | Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy |
| UAE | Uterine artery embolization |
| VH | Vaginal hysterectomy |
| episi/o | vulva |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| metr/o | uterus |
| olig/o | scanty |
| ov/o | egg |
| -cele | hernia |
| -ectasis | stretching, dilation |
| -ectomy | removal, excision |
| -flexion | flexible |
| -genesis | producing; forming |
| -gravida | pregnancy |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -pareunia | sexual intercourse |
| -parous | to bear, bring forth |
| -plasia | development, formation |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -ptosis | dropping, sagging |
| -rrhagia | bursting forth (blood) |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -stenosis | tightening |
| -stomy | new opening |
| -tocia | labor, birth |
| -tomy | process of cutting |
| -tresia | opening |
| bi- | two |
| dys- | painful |
| endo- | within |
| oxy- | swift, sharp |
| peri- | surrounding |
| pre- | before |
| pseudo- | false |
| uni- | one |
Created by:
JoshuaB5