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Elliana H EES 3.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is. |
| Humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Global winds | Large-scale wind systems that move air around Earth. |
| Circulation | The movement of air or water in a system. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth |
| Ocean | A large body of salt water covering most of Earth’s surface. |
| Air mass | A large body of air with similar temperature and humidity. |
| Jet stream | A fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere. |
| Cold front | When a cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. |
| Warm front | When a warm air mass slides over a cold air mass. |
| Precipitation | Water that falls from clouds (rain, snow, sleet, hail). |
| Temperature gradient | The difference in temperature between two areas. |
| Hurricane | A large, powerful tropical storm with strong winds and heavy rain. |
| Thunderstorm | A storm with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail or strong winds. |
| Convection | Heat transfer by the movement of fluids (air or water). |
| Conduction | Heat transfer through direct contact |
| Radiation | Heat transfer through energy waves (like sunlight). |
| Pacific Ocean | The largest ocean on Earth. |
| Trade winds / Easterlies | Winds that blow from east to west near the equator. |
| Westerlies | Westerlies |
| Global impacts | Effects that influence the entire planet. |
| El Niño | A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean waters become warmer than normal. |
| La Niña | A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean waters become cooler than normal. |
| Warm ocean current | A current that carries warm water to cooler regions. |
| Gulf Stream | A warm Atlantic Ocean current that affects climate in North America and Europe. |
| Coastal regions | reas of land near the ocean. |
| Oceanic conveyor belt | The global system of deep and surface ocean currents. |
| Coriolis effect | The deflection of moving air and water due to Earth’s rotation. |
| Heat | Thermal energy; energy related to temperature. |
| Wind belts | Major global wind systems (trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies). |
| Equator | The imaginary line around Earth’s middle. |
| Poles | The northernmost and southernmost points on Earth. |
| Ocean gyres | Large circular ocean current systems. |
| Thermohaline circulation | Deep ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity. |
| Surface temperatures | The temperature at Earth’s surface (land or water). |
| Deep currents | Ocean currents that flow deep below the surface. |
| Regional climate | The typical weather patterns of a specific area over time |
| Climate zones | Areas grouped by similar climate characteristics. |
| Maritime Tropical (mT) | Warm, humid air mass formed over tropical oceans. |
| Maritime Polar (mP) | Cool, moist air mass formed over cold oceans. |
| Continental Tropical (cT) | Hot, dry air mass formed over land in tropical areas. |
| Continental Polar (cP) | Cold, dry air mass formed over land in high latitudes |
| Continental Arctic (cA) | Very cold, dry air mass formed in Arctic regions |
| Seasons | Periods of the year caused by Earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun. |
| Sea breeze | Wind that blows from sea to land during the day. |
| coastal fog | Fog that forms near the coast when warm air meets cooler ocean air. |
| Hurricanes | Large tropical storms that form over warm ocean water. |
| Local climate | The typical weather conditions in a small, specific area. |
| Moisture content | The amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Land-sea breezes | Local winds caused by temperature differences between land and water |
| Hadley Cells | Large circulation cells near the equator that move warm air upward and toward the poles. |
| Upwelling | When deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface |
| Downwelling | When surface water sinks to deeper parts of the ocean. |
| Earth’s rotation | The spinning of Earth on its axis. |