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Elliana H EES 3.5

TermDefinition
Temperature A measure of how hot or cold something is.
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air.
Global winds Large-scale wind systems that move air around Earth.
Circulation The movement of air or water in a system.
Atmosphere The layer of gases surrounding Earth
Ocean A large body of salt water covering most of Earth’s surface.
Air mass A large body of air with similar temperature and humidity.
Jet stream A fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere.
Cold front When a cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass.
Warm front When a warm air mass slides over a cold air mass.
Precipitation Water that falls from clouds (rain, snow, sleet, hail).
Temperature gradient The difference in temperature between two areas.
Hurricane A large, powerful tropical storm with strong winds and heavy rain.
Thunderstorm A storm with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail or strong winds.
Convection Heat transfer by the movement of fluids (air or water).
Conduction Heat transfer through direct contact
Radiation Heat transfer through energy waves (like sunlight).
Pacific Ocean The largest ocean on Earth.
Trade winds / Easterlies Winds that blow from east to west near the equator.
Westerlies Westerlies
Global impacts Effects that influence the entire planet.
El Niño A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean waters become warmer than normal.
La Niña A climate pattern where Pacific Ocean waters become cooler than normal.
Warm ocean current A current that carries warm water to cooler regions.
Gulf Stream A warm Atlantic Ocean current that affects climate in North America and Europe.
Coastal regions reas of land near the ocean.
Oceanic conveyor belt The global system of deep and surface ocean currents.
Coriolis effect The deflection of moving air and water due to Earth’s rotation.
Heat Thermal energy; energy related to temperature.
Wind belts Major global wind systems (trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies).
Equator The imaginary line around Earth’s middle.
Poles The northernmost and southernmost points on Earth.
Ocean gyres Large circular ocean current systems.
Thermohaline circulation Deep ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity.
Surface temperatures The temperature at Earth’s surface (land or water).
Deep currents Ocean currents that flow deep below the surface.
Regional climate The typical weather patterns of a specific area over time
Climate zones Areas grouped by similar climate characteristics.
Maritime Tropical (mT) Warm, humid air mass formed over tropical oceans.
Maritime Polar (mP) Cool, moist air mass formed over cold oceans.
Continental Tropical (cT) Hot, dry air mass formed over land in tropical areas.
Continental Polar (cP) Cold, dry air mass formed over land in high latitudes
Continental Arctic (cA) Very cold, dry air mass formed in Arctic regions
Seasons Periods of the year caused by Earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun.
Sea breeze Wind that blows from sea to land during the day.
coastal fog Fog that forms near the coast when warm air meets cooler ocean air.
Hurricanes Large tropical storms that form over warm ocean water.
Local climate The typical weather conditions in a small, specific area.
Moisture content The amount of water vapor in the air.
Land-sea breezes Local winds caused by temperature differences between land and water
Hadley Cells Large circulation cells near the equator that move warm air upward and toward the poles.
Upwelling When deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface
Downwelling When surface water sinks to deeper parts of the ocean.
Earth’s rotation The spinning of Earth on its axis.
Created by: user-1996998
 

 



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