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Ali Porter EES 3.4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heat absorption | The process of taking in heat energy from a source (like the Sun). |
| heat retention | The ability of a material or substance to hold onto heat over time. |
| solar radiation | Energy from the Sun that travels through space as light and heat. |
| thermal energy | The energy that comes from heat; it is created by the movement of particles in matter. |
| climate impact | The effect something has on long-term weather conditions of a region or the planet. |
| weather patterns | The repeated or typical weather conditions (temperature, wind, rain, etc.) in a specific area. |
| land cover | The physical material covering Earth’s surface (forests, grass, water, ice, cities, etc.). |
| oxygen (O2) | A gas in Earth’s atmosphere that most living organisms need to breathe. |
| nitrogen (N2) | The most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere (about 78%). |
| greenhouse gasses | Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat and warm the Earth (like CO₂ and CH₄). |
| albedo effect | The measure of how much sunlight a surface reflects. Light surfaces (like ice) have high albedo; dark surfaces (like asphalt) have low albedo. |
| land vs water | Land heats up and cools down faster than water; water heats and cools more slowly. |
| urban heat island | A city area that is warmer than nearby rural areas because buildings and pavement absorb and trap heat. |
| surface | The outermost layer of something (like Earth’s land or oceans). |
| troposphere | The lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere where weather occurs. |
| uneven heating | When different parts of Earth receive different amounts of solar energy. |
| atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth. |
| energy in | The solar energy Earth receives from the Sun. |
| energy out | The heat energy Earth radiates back into space. |
| sun | The star at the center of our solar system that provides light and heat to Earth. |
| earth | The planet we live on; the third planet from the Sun. |
| reflects | To bounce energy (like sunlight) off a surface. |
| absorbs | To take in energy (like heat or light). |
| circulation | The movement of air or water around Earth (like wind and ocean currents). |
| ice core | A cylinder of ice drilled from glaciers or ice sheets used to study past climates. |
| geologic sample | A sample of Earth material (like rock or sediment) used to study Earth’s history. |
| water vapor (H2O) | Water in gas form; the most abundant greenhouse gas. |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | A greenhouse gas released by breathing, burning fossil fuels, and volcanoes. |
| methane (CH4) | A powerful greenhouse gas produced by livestock, landfills, and natural gas. |
| nitrous oxide (N2O) | A greenhouse gas released from fertilizers and burning fuels. |
| hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFHs) | Man-made gases once used in refrigeration; they damage ozone and act as greenhouse gases. |
| hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | Man-made greenhouse gases used in air conditioning and refrigeration. |
| ozone (O3) | A gas made of three oxygen atoms; in the upper atmosphere it protects Earth from harmful UV radiation. |
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