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Chapter 6

Human Exceptionalities

QuestionAnswer
Minimal brain injury A term used to describe a child who shows behavioral but not neurological signs of brain injury; the term is not as popular as it once was, primarily because of its lack of diagnostic utility (i.e., some children who learn normally show signs indicative o
IQ–achievement discrepancy Academic performance markedly lower than would be expected on the basis of a student’s intellectual ability.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) A neuroimaging technique whereby radio waves are used to produce cross-sectional images of the brain; used to pinpoint areas of the brain that are dysfunctional.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) An adaptation of the MRI used to detect changes in the brain while it is in an active state; unlike a PET scan, it does not involve using radioactive materials.
Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) An adaptation of the MRI used to detect changes in the brain while it is in an active state; unlike a PET scan, it does not involve using radioactive materials.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans A computerized method for measuring bloodflow in the brain; during a cognitive task, a low amount of radioactive dye is injected in the brain; the dye collects in active neurons, indicating which areas of the brain are active.
Event-related potentials The brain’s response resulting from a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event.
Electroencephalography (EEG) A method of measuring the electrical activity of the brain.
Familiality studies A method of determining the degree to which a given condition is inherited; looks at the prevalence of the condition in relatives of the person with the condition.
Heritability studies A method of determining the degree to which a condition is inherited; a comparison of the prevalence of a condition in identical (i.e., monozygotic, from the same egg) twins versus fraternal (i.e., dizygotic, from two eggs) twins.
Toxins Poisons in the environment that can cause fetal malformations; can result in cognitive impairments.
Created by: magilla1
 

 



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