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biology 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five characteristics of animals? | Heterotrophic, Multicellular, Eukaryotic, Tissues, Embryonic |
| What organism probably links animals to other animals? | Choanoflagellates |
| Diploblasty | 2 layer, simple flatworms |
| Triploblasty | mesoderm- middle layer, organs |
| Ectotherm | cold blooded, gain heat from outside |
| Endotherm | warm-blooded, gain heat internally |
| 4 adaptions animals have for heat/loss gain | insulation, circulatory, cooling by evaporative heat loss, behavioral response |
| Insulation | barrier |
| Circulatory | Countercurrent Exchange- vasodilation and vasoconstriction |
| Cooling by Evaporative Heat Loss | sweating |
| 4 main tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| What are the main things animals must do to survive | obtain nutrients, obtain oxygen, fight off infection, survive to produce offspring |
| What is a hemocoel, and what is it filled with? | A body cavity formed between the mesoderm and endoderm. It is filled with hemolymph, which is a fluid that transports nutrients and waste throughout the body cavity. |
| What are the 4 ways animals exchange heat? | Radiation (sun), Evaporation (water loss), Convection (wind), Conduction (surface on) |
| What are the 8 major invertebrate phylas? | Porifera, Chidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata. |
| What are the 3 different embryos can develop? | Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous |
| Most sharks are what? | Carnivore |
| Which cellular structures in animals is primarily responsible for communication and adherence between cells? | Cadherins |
| Explain what sweating is and how it benefits animals. | Sweating is a thermoregulatory mechanism that helps maintain body temperature by promoting heat loss through evaporation. When sweat evaporates, it absorbs heat from the body, which cools the skin and underlying tissues. |
| What is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom? | Arthropoda |
| What are the 4 derived characteristics that all chordates possess? | Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail. |
| Connective tissue | loose, fibrous, bone, fat, cartilage, blood |
| Epithelial tissue | protects, absorbs, and excretes |
| Muscle tissue | contract and generate force for movement |
| Nervous tissue | information, nerve |
| cloaca | common chamber to outside, including reproductive, digestive, and excretory |
| oviparous | eggs hatch outside of uterus |
| oviviviparous | eggs hatch in oviduct, and are born after |
| viviparous | live birth, fetus grows inside body |
| negative feedback | takes the set point back to normal, lessens the stimulus |
| positive feedback | takes the set point and maximizes it, amplifies the stimulus |
| porifera | no tissue, sponge |
| cnidaria | jellyfish |
| platyhelminths | flatworm, no digestive system |
| annelida | segmented worms, digestive |
| mollusca | crayfish |
| nematoda | round worms, lots of parasites |
| arthropoda | insects |
| echinodermata | starfish |
| What is unique about the lophotrochozoan clade was created? | based on molecular data |
| What two things are unique about monotremes? | lays eggs and no nipples for milk |
| What main difference is there between marsupials and the rest of the mammals | young finish development in a pouch, such as kangaroos |
| Chondrichthyans | sharks, rays- no real bone tissue (most cartilage) |
| Actinoplergii | bony fish- swim bladder, gills, bone |
| Sarcopterygii | lung fishes, walk with fins |
| Tetrapods | amphibia- frogs, salamander, life cycle part in water |
| Reptilia | crocs and turtles |
| Aves | birds |
| Rodentia | rodents, mice, rats, rabbits |
| Chiroptera | bats |
| Eulipotypia | moles |
| Primates | us |
| Artidactylia | cows |
| autotroph | produce its own food |
| thermoregulation | animals maintain an internal temperature within normal range |
| hermaphrodite | contain and produce both gametes |
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