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Thermal Energy The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles within a substance.
Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermometer A tool used to measure temperature, often using the expansion of a liquid to show heat levels.
Heat The flow of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
Conduction Heat transfer through direct contact between materials.
Convection Heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) via currents.
Radiation Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves (can travel through a vacuum/space).
Solid A state of matter with a definite shape and volume; particles vibrate in fixed positions.
Liquid A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape; particles flow past each other.
Gas A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; particles move freely and rapidly.
Melting The phase change from a solid to a liquid (requires adding energy).
Freezing The phase change from a liquid to a solid (requires removing energy).
Evaporation The process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid.
Boiling The process of a liquid changing to a gas throughout the liquid at a specific temperature.
Condensation The phase change from a gas to a liquid (occurs when gas cools).
Endothermic A process that absorbs heat from the surroundings (e.g., ice melting).
Exothermic A process that releases heat into the surroundings (e.g., a candle burning).
Created by: user-1903967
 

 



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