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Ch 18 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "What was the Sixteenth Amendment | Federal income tax |
| "Why did the Sixteenth Amendment matter | It funded progressive reforms |
| "What problem did the Sixteenth Amendment respond to | Need for government revenue |
| "What was the Seventeenth Amendment | Direct election of senators |
| "Why did the Seventeenth Amendment matter | It increased voter control |
| "What problem did the Seventeenth Amendment respond to | Corruption in state legislatures |
| "What was the Eighteenth Amendment | Prohibition of alcohol |
| "Why did the Eighteenth Amendment matter | It was the most controversial progressive reform |
| "What problem did the Eighteenth Amendment respond to | Crime poverty and alcohol abuse |
| "What was the Nineteenth Amendment | Womens right to vote |
| "Why did the Nineteenth Amendment matter | It expanded democracy to women |
| "What problem did the Nineteenth Amendment respond to | Lack of political rights for women |
| "Who was Susan B Anthony | Leader of womens suffrage |
| "Why did Susan B Anthony matter | She helped secure the vote for women |
| "What problem did Susan B Anthony respond to | Inequality and lack of voting rights |
| "What was The Jungle | A novel exposing meatpacking conditions |
| "Why did The Jungle matter | It led to major food safety laws |
| "What problem did The Jungle respond to | Unsanitary and dangerous food production |
| "What was the Hepburn Act | Railroad regulation law |
| "Why did the Hepburn Act matter | It strengthened ICC power |
| "What problem did the Hepburn Act respond to | Unfair railroad rates |
| "What was the Pure Food and Drug Act | Law banning impure food and false labels |
| "Why did the Pure Food and Drug Act matter | It protected consumers |
| "What problem did the Pure Food and Drug Act respond to | Unsafe food and dishonest claims |
| "What was the Meat Inspection Act | Law requiring federal inspection of meat |
| "Why did the Meat Inspection Act matter | It improved food safety |
| "What problem did the Meat Inspection Act respond to | Filthy meatpacking conditions |
| "What were Jim Crow laws | Segregation laws in the South |
| "Why did Jim Crow laws matter | They legalized racial discrimination |
| "What problem did Jim Crow laws respond to | White supremacist demands for separation |
| "What was segregation | Forced separation of races |
| "Why did segregation matter | It denied equal rights to black Americans |
| "What problem did segregation respond to | Racist beliefs about racial hierarchy |
| "What were literacy tests | Voting tests requiring reading ability |
| "Why did literacy tests matter | They prevented black citizens from voting |
| "What problem did literacy tests respond to | Efforts to maintain white political control |
| "What was the grandfather clause | Law allowing only those whose grandfathers voted to vote |
| "Why did the grandfather clause matter | It excluded nearly all black voters |
| "What problem did the grandfather clause respond to | Attempts to bypass the Fifteenth Amendment |
| "What were poll taxes | Fees required to vote |
| "Why did poll taxes matter | They blocked poor black citizens from voting |
| "What problem did poll taxes respond to | Desire to suppress black political power |
| "What was Plessy v Ferguson | Supreme Court case approving separate but equal |
| "Why did Plessy v Ferguson matter | It legalized segregation nationwide |
| "What problem did Plessy v Ferguson respond to | Challenges to segregation laws |
| "Who was Booker T Washington | Black leader promoting economic improvement first |
| "Why did Washington matter | He shaped early civil rights strategy |
| "What problem did Washington respond to | Racial discrimination and limited opportunity |
| "Who was W E B Du Bois | Civil rights leader demanding immediate equality |
| "Why did Du Bois matter | He helped found the NAACP |
| "What problem did Du Bois respond to | Denial of political and civil rights |
| "What was the Panama Canal | A canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific |
| "Why did the Panama Canal matter | It boosted US naval and trade power |
| "What problem did the Panama Canal respond to | Slow dangerous travel around South America |
| "What was the Roosevelt Corollary | US acting as policeman in Latin America |
| "Why did the Roosevelt Corollary matter | It expanded the Monroe Doctrine |
| "What problem did the Roosevelt Corollary respond to | European interference in the Western Hemisphere |
| "Who was Woodrow Wilson | Progressive Democratic president |
| "Why did Wilson matter | He passed major reforms and led the US in WWI |
| "What problem did Wilson respond to | Economic abuses and need for regulation |
| "What was the Clayton Antitrust Act | Law strengthening antitrust rules |
| "Why did the Clayton Act matter | It protected unions and banned unfair practices |
| "What problem did the Clayton Act respond to | Weaknesses in the Sherman Antitrust Act |
| "Who was Henry Ford | Automobile manufacturer |
| "Why did Henry Ford matter | He made cars affordable for ordinary Americans |
| "What problem did Henry Ford respond to | High cost of early automobiles |
| "What was the assembly line | Production method using sequential labor |
| "Why did the assembly line matter | It revolutionized manufacturing |
| "What problem did the assembly line respond to | Slow inefficient production |
| "Who were the Wright brothers | Inventors of the first successful airplane |
| "Why did the Wright brothers matter | They launched modern aviation |
| "What problem did they respond to | Challenge of controlled powered flight |
| "Who was George Washington Carver | Agricultural scientist |
| "Why did Carver matter | He improved southern farming and soil quality |
| "What problem did Carver respond to | Soil depletion from cotton farming |
| "Who was Benjamin Warfield | Defender of orthodox Christianity |
| "Why did Warfield matter | He opposed modernist theology |
| "What problem did Warfield respond to | Attacks on biblical authority |
| "What was Modernism | Theology treating doctrine as human ideas |
| "Why did Modernism matter | It caused major conflict in churches |
| "What problem did Modernism respond to | Desire to adapt Christianity to modern culture |
| "What was the Social Gospel | Movement focusing on social reform not salvation |
| "Why did the Social Gospel matter | It shifted church priorities |
| "What problem did the Social Gospel respond to | Urban poverty and injustice |
| "What was Secular Humanism | Belief system rejecting God and elevating human reason |
| "Why did Secular Humanism matter | It shaped modern education and culture |
| "What problem did Secular Humanism respond to | Desire for nonreligious explanations of life |
| "What was New Freedom | Wilson’s progressive program |
| "Why did New Freedom matter | It pushed antitrust and tariff reforms |
| "What problem did New Freedom respond to | Monopolies and high tariffs |
| "What was the Bull Moose Party | Roosevelts Progressive Party |
| "Why did the Bull Moose Party matter | It split the Republican vote in 1912 |
| "What problem did the Bull Moose Party respond to | Division between conservatives and progressives |
| "What was Prohibition | Ban on alcohol production and sale |
| "Why did Prohibition matter | It reshaped American society and crime |
| "What problem did Prohibition respond to | Alcohol abuse and social problems |
| "What was Aggressivism | Roosevelts energetic approach to reform and foreign policies |
| "Why did Aggressivism matter | It expanded presidential power |
| "What problem did Aggressivism respond to | Weak enforcement of reform |
| "What was Dollar Diplomacy | Tafts policy of using investment to influence nations |
| "Why did Dollar Diplomacy matter | It expanded US economic power abroad |
| "What problem did Dollar Diplomacy respond to | Instability in Latin America and Asia |
| "What was the Initiative | Process allowing voters to propose laws |
| "Why did the Initiative matter | It increased direct democracy |
| "What problem did the Initiative respond to | Lack of public influence over legislation |
| "Who was Susan B Anthony | Leader of womens suffrage |
| "Why did Susan B Anthony matter | Helped lead to the Nineteenth Amendment |
| "What problem did Susan B Anthony respond to | Lack of voting rights for women |
| "Who was Chester A Arthur | Twenty first president of the United States |
| "Why did Chester A Arthur matter | Supported civil service reform |
| "What problem did Chester A Arthur respond to | Corruption in government jobs |
| "Who was William Jennings Bryan | Populist and progressive Democratic leader |
| "Why did William Jennings Bryan matter | Promoted reforms and ran for president |
| "What problem did William Jennings Bryan respond to | Economic inequality and corruption |
| "Who was Joseph Cannon | Powerful Speaker of the House |
| "Why did Joseph Cannon matter | Progressives tried to limit his power |
| "What problem did Joseph Cannon respond to | Political control and party boss dominance |
| "Who was Eugene V Debs | Leader of the Socialist Party |
| "Why did Eugene V Debs matter | Ran for president five times and pushed radical reform |
| "What problem did Eugene V Debs respond to | Worker exploitation and inequality |
| "Who was George Dewey | American naval commander |
| "Why did George Dewey matter | Won the Battle of Manila Bay |
| "What problem did George Dewey respond to | Spanish control in the Philippines |
| "Who was John Dewey | Progressive educator |
| "Why did John Dewey matter | Led progressive education and secular humanism |
| "What problem did John Dewey respond to | Rigid traditional teaching methods |
| "Who was W E B Du Bois | Civil rights leader and NAACP founder |
| "Why did W E B Du Bois matter | Demanded immediate equality |
| "What problem did W E B Du Bois respond to | Racial discrimination and loss of voting rights |
| "Who was Henry Ford | Automobile manufacturer |
| "Why did Henry Ford matter | Perfected the assembly line and made cars affordable |
| "What problem did Henry Ford respond to | Slow expensive car production |
| "Who was Herbert Hoover | Thirty first president of the United States |
| "Why did Herbert Hoover matter | Known for role during the Great Depression |
| "What problem did Herbert Hoover respond to | Economic crisis and relief efforts |
| "Who was Robert La Follette | Progressive leader from Wisconsin |
| "Why did Robert La Follette matter | Made Wisconsin the laboratory of democracy |
| "What problem did Robert La Follette respond to | Political corruption and corporate influence |
| "Who was William McKinley | Twenty fifth president of the United States |
| "Why did William McKinley matter | His assassination led to Roosevelts presidency |
| "What problem did William McKinley respond to | National expansion and economic issues |
| "Who was John D Rockefeller | Oil industry magnate |
| "Why did John D Rockefeller matter | Symbol of monopolies and big business |
| "What problem did John D Rockefeller respond to | Demand for oil and industrial growth |
| "Who was Booker T Washington | Black educator and leader |
| "Why did Booker T Washington matter | Promoted economic improvement before political rights |
| "What problem did Booker T Washington respond to | Racial discrimination and limited opportunity |
| "Who was Upton Sinclair | Author of The Jungle |
| "Why did Upton Sinclair matter | Exposed meatpacking horrors |
| "What problem did Upton Sinclair respond to | Unsanitary food production |
| "What organization was founded in 1909 to seek equality for black Americans | NAACP |
| "Why did the NAACP matter | Fought legal battles for civil rights |
| "What problem did the NAACP respond to | Segregation and disenfranchisement |
| "Who invented the first successful airplane | Orville and Wilbur Wright |
| "Why did the Wright brothers matter | They launched modern aviation |
| "What problem did the Wright brothers respond to | Challenge of controlled powered flight |
| "What was Plessy v Ferguson | Supreme Court case approving separate but equal |
| "Why did Plessy v Ferguson matter | Legalized segregation nationwide |
| "What problem did Plessy v Ferguson respond to | Challenges to segregation laws |
| "What were Jim Crow laws | Segregation laws in the South |
| "Why did Jim Crow laws matter | They enforced racial separation |
| "What problem did Jim Crow laws respond to | White supremacist demands for control |
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