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Choral Master Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| western notion | made to help standardize worship services in the Roman Catholic Church |
| gregorian chant | 3,000 anonymous chant melodies |
| Charlemagne | helped standardize aspects of workshop including chants |
| neumes | some chant books featured lines and dots that were used as a memory device |
| Mass | weekly liturgy ( for everyone) ; 2 types of prayers here; ordinary and proper; standardized by the 4th century |
| Hildegard von Bingen | leader of a convent |
| Hildegard von Bingen's Ordo Virtutum | morality play; music composed by Hildegard |
| Judaism | specially trained cantors learn cantillation for psalms and other prayers |
| Islam | the Adhan is called five times per day by a muezzin who uses a "scale" called a maqam |
| organum | adding an extra voice about or below the main chant melody |
| tenor | slow lower part |
| Leonin's successor at Notre Dame | Periotin |
| Notre Dame cathedral | Leonin |
| Leonin | compiled his compositions of two part organum duphum into the Magnus liber organi |
| composers at Notre Dame Cathedral | created a duet - like texture |
| polyphonic texture | added words to the upper voice |
| it became popular to borrow chants and other existing melodies as a basis for | polyphonic music with 2, 3, or 4 voice parts |
| cantus firmus | because the lower voices had originally been a firmly held chant part, a borrowed melody like this |
| Ars nova | a new way to write rhythms ( main contribution) |
| Guillaume de Machaut | most well- known composer of the Medieval period |
| Machaut's La Messe de Nostre Dame | was perhaps the earliest polyphonic setting of the Mass Ordinary |
| Humanism | human issues and the individual person |
| masses | the texts of the mass ordinary |
| motets | sacred music on other religious tests |
| cantus firmus mass | borrow a melody and use it as the basis for one or more vocal parts |
| Guillaume Du Fay | Helped make 4 voice polyphony the norm |
| Du Fay's Missa Se la face ay pale | was the first complete mass setting that used a cactus firm's from a secular |
| Franco | Flemish composer |
| Josquin des Prez's Missa Pange lingu | used the melody of a chant as its basis (imitation) |
| Imitation | imitate the music of previous entrances |
| The counter Reformation | church - wide meeting led to church reforms |
| Council of Trent | concerns about church music: too much embellishment of chant, too much secular music influence, too much polyphony |
| Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina | wrote almost exclusively sacred music |
| Motet | polyphonic sacred music that is NOT one of the Mass Ordinary texts |
| English composers like John Dunstable | used 3rd intervals to make a "sweeter" sound |
| Motets are | all a cappella and use sacred ( religious ) texts/ lyrics |
| Orlande de Lassus | wrote over 700 motets |
| Orlande de Lassus's pieces of music often | express their words in a musical way |
| Martin Luther | ca catholic priest who believed that the Bible, not Catholic Church leaders, was the ultimate religious authority |
| chorale | rhymed religious poetry |
| Luther's "nun komm der heiden Heiland" | adapted the music from a catholic monophonic hymn |
| Martin Luther wanted | greater participation from everyone |
| John Calvin | rejected the Church in favor of scripture |
| Unlike Luther | Calvin though anything decorative might distract christians form focusing on prayer so no stained class windows, no colorful robes, no instruments, and NO POLYPHONIC SINGING |
| metrical psalms | translated into vernacular languages in a poetic style |
| Louis Bourgeois | metrical psalm |
| madrigal | a cappella music used text/word painting to express the words ( lyrics) in the music itself |
| Luca Marenzio | around 500 madrigals |
| Madrigals like "Solo e pensoso" by Luca Marenzio | uses word painting and chromatic music |
| Carlo Gesualdo | madrigals go to extremes of word painting and chromaticism |
| English Madrigals | madrigals by English composers - obvious word painting |
| Thomas Weelkes uses | English madrigals and obvious word painting |
| Baroque era uses | instruments having expressive power |
| Opera | play that is sung throughout ( libretto) |
| Libretto | the text ( script/. lyrics) |
| operas are made of | recitatives - speech like singing and arias - emotional, tuneful songs |
| Camerata created | the first operas |
| Jacobo Peru's eurydice | created a voice - plus - accompaniment texture |
| Claduio Monteverdi | uses opera and emotional choruses in "ahi, Casio acerb" |
| Jean Philippe Rameau | opera that has soloist and chorus depicts thunder, lightning, etc. with the orchestra |
| Giovanni Bargigli | at St. Mark's Basilica in Venice wrote polychoral music |
| Giovanni Bargigli's " O quad suavis " | motet features two separate 4 voice choirs, organ, and brass instruments |
| Heinrich Schutz | Dresden |
| Heinrich Schutz studied with | Giovanni Gabrieli |
| Heinrich Schutz's "Saul, was verfolgst du mich?" | sacred concerto |
| The Luteran cantata | a "musical sermon" |
| The Lutheran cantata included | chorus, arias and recitatives, and choral |
| Chorale | Luteran hymn, created in 1500s |
| Cantata | Lutheran "musical sermon", created in 1600s, often based on chorales |
| Bieterirch Buxtehude | church position in Lubeck |
| "Nimm von uns" by Dieterirch Buxtehude | adapts the choral tune in a polyphonic setting cantata |
| Jan Dismas Zelenka | employed at the court chapel in Dresden |
| Miserere in C minor by Jan Dismas Zelenka | motete dissonance instruments and polyphonic singing |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | big job at St. Thomas church in Leipzig and wrote music for weekly services |
| Johann Sebastian Bach did what | wrote music for weekly services and led the collegium music |
| Bach's " Nun Kim, der Heinden Heiland | cantata uses the chorale hymn as a cactus firms repeats basic musical ideas with different harmonies ; fortspinnung; milder verses are paraphrased to become arias or recitatives |
| fortspinnung | spinning out |
| Passion | play acts out the last days, trial, and death of Jesus |
| Erdmann Neimeister came up with | the idea to use arias and recite in cantatas |
| Bach wroet St. John Passion | he followed up with the St. Matthew Passion |
| Bach's "O mensch" | uses chorale melody as the soprano line ( cantus firmus) |
| anon Vivalid | music master at ospedale ( orphanage in venice) Gloria used for actual mass |
| Bach's Mass in B - Minor "Gloria" | too long for an actual liturgy but is a mass |
| oratorio | opera - style music with religious content |
| George Frideric Handel | worked mostly in opera and created a new type of English oratorio |
| Italian opera style | with sacred topics and choral singing |
| Handels Hallelujah | chorus no characters or actions - homophony, monophony, and polyphony |
| Baroque to classical | choral music written in "older" style |
| Joseph Haydn | worked for the wealthy Esterhazy family |
| Joseph Haydn | one of the most prolific classical posers and traveled to England twice |
| Libretto by Gottfried van Swieten for Joseph Haydn "Hit stained seiht das Wunderwerk | expanded role for orchestra depicts action as music |
| Haydn's patron | Baron von Zweiten to be based on his own libretto |
| Haydn's the seasons | depicting by the orchestra frogs, crickets, birds, rain, and thunder in "summer" |
| "Ach, das Ungewitter naht" by Haydn uses | a musical style to created by Haydn called strum and rang ( storm and stress) |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | greatest successes were with operas |
| Who's requiem was never finished? | Mozart |
| Introit : Requiem aeternam | called a Requiem mass because of the opening words of the introit prayer |
| Sequence: Dies Irae | sequence, a prayer recited only on special occasions |
| Requiem was stilll unfinished at the time of Mozarts death, who completed it? | his student Franz Xavier Sussmayer |
| Luigi Cherubini | best known for operas and he wrote two requiems |
| cherubini's requiems were wrote for | his funeral and a memorial service from Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette |
| Cherubini's requiem opens with | crash of the tam tam ( gong) |
Created by:
addyrussell